Overview

Filing a small claims case in Florida allows individuals and businesses to resolve civil disputes involving modest sums of money quickly and without the complexity of full-scale litigation. The Florida Small Claims Rules (adopted by the Florida Supreme Court) and Chapter 34 of the Florida Statutes govern these cases. Small claims courts are divisions of the county courts and have jurisdiction over disputes not exceeding $8,000, excluding costs, interest, and attorney’s fees. These cases typically include unpaid loans, security deposits, repair disputes, damage to property, or breach of contract issues. Florida’s small claims process is deliberately simplified so that non-lawyers can navigate it confidently. The process generally starts when a plaintiff files a Statement of Claim, serves the defendant with a Notice to Appear, and attends a pretrial conference aimed at early resolution through mediation. If mediation fails, the case moves to trial, where a judge (not a jury, unless requested) decides the matter based on presented evidence. This system balances accessibility, fairness, and efficiency — offering Floridians a direct, affordable path to justice without requiring extensive legal representation.

Who Benefits and Who Can File

Florida’s small claims process benefits everyday individuals, tenants, landlords, contractors, consumers, and small business owners who want to resolve financial disputes in a cost-effective way. The process is open to anyone 18 years or older, or to minors represented by a guardian. Businesses can also file claims to recover unpaid invoices or damages, and corporations may appear through their officers, directors, or authorized employees under Rule 7.050(a)(2) of the Florida Small Claims Rules — an accommodation not found in most higher courts. The plaintiff (person filing the case) can be any individual or business entity owed money or damages within the $8,000 jurisdictional limit. The defendant may reside in Florida or another state, as long as the claim arose within the county’s boundaries. For instance, a landlord may sue a tenant in the county where the rental property is located, even if the tenant later moved away. This system ensures local access to justice while reducing costs associated with full civil litigation. The small claims process also benefits the court system by reducing case backlogs and encouraging mediation before trial.

Benefits of Small Claims Court

• Provides a quick and inexpensive forum for resolving money-related disputes.
• Does not require legal representation; self-representation is encouraged.
• Enables early mediation to help parties reach settlement without trial.
• Accessible forms and standardized procedures available through local clerks’ offices.
• Allows enforcement of judgments through garnishment, liens, or sheriff execution.
• Empowers small businesses and consumers with a simple way to recover losses.

Step-by-Step Process

Step 1: Determine Eligibility and Proper Jurisdiction

Before filing a small claims case in Florida, the first and most critical task is verifying that your dispute qualifies under the small claims jurisdictional limits. Florida’s small claims system is designed for straightforward civil disputes involving modest sums — it cannot handle every type of complaint. According to Florida Statute §34.01 and the Florida Small Claims Rules, the total claim amount (excluding court costs, interest, and attorney’s fees) must not exceed $8,000. This ceiling defines the court’s authority — claims above that must be filed in the county or circuit civil divisions. Attempting to bypass this limit by artificially splitting a claim into smaller parts is prohibited. The court will consolidate or dismiss such filings.

Eligibility also requires that your case involves money or tangible property — not abstract grievances or moral damages. Common examples include unpaid personal loans, return of security deposits, auto repair disputes, breach of service contracts, defective product refunds, or minor property damage. The small claims process is ideal when you can clearly quantify your loss. For example, if a contractor failed to complete a $3,000 project or a tenant left $1,200 in damages, those fall neatly within jurisdiction. However, if your dispute involves ongoing conduct (like harassment), requests for injunctions, or eviction for possession, you must use a different court procedure.

Next, you must establish the proper venue — the county where the claim should be filed. The rule is simple: file in the county where the defendant resides, where the business operates, where the contract was signed or performed, or where the incident occurred. For instance, if a contractor from Orange County performed work in Seminole County, you may file in either. Filing in the wrong county can result in dismissal or transfer, costing you additional time and refiling fees. To prevent this, verify the defendant’s correct residence or business address. For individuals, confirm via driver’s license, lease, or public record. For businesses, use the Sunbiz.org portal to find their registered agent and address for service.

Also ensure you name the proper defendant. Many plaintiffs mistakenly sue the wrong party — e.g., suing a store employee instead of the corporate entity. The correct defendant is the person or entity legally responsible for your damages. If it’s a corporation, sue under its registered legal name (“ABC LLC,” not “ABC Store”). This is essential for enforcement later; you can’t collect from an entity you didn’t name. If multiple parties share responsibility, you may list them jointly, but each must be within the same jurisdiction.

Once eligibility and venue are confirmed, review the statute of limitations. Most Florida small claims must be filed within four years for oral contracts or negligence, five years for written contracts, and two years for property damage. Filing after expiration can result in dismissal even if your case is otherwise valid. Lastly, confirm that the amount you are claiming is realistic and provable. Overstating damages may push your case beyond jurisdiction or weaken credibility. It’s wise to itemize losses in a short table (e.g., principal + interest + repair costs). A well-prepared claimant who files in the correct court, with a clear monetary value, gains a decisive procedural advantage.

By the end of this step, you should have: (1) identified a valid small-claims issue, (2) confirmed it is under $8,000, (3) chosen the correct county venue, (4) identified the legally responsible defendant, and (5) verified that the statute of limitations has not expired. Completing this groundwork ensures your filing is accepted and protects you from costly jurisdictional mistakes later in the process.

Step 2: Gather Documentation and Evidence

Evidence is the foundation of every successful small claims case. In Florida, the burden of proof lies with the plaintiff — the person filing the claim. The judge’s decision will depend largely on how well you can document your claim, not how passionately you argue it. This means you must gather, organize, and label all relevant materials before filing. Start by identifying every document that supports your claim: contracts, estimates, invoices, receipts, photographs, text messages, letters, or emails. Even small items like handwritten notes or bank deposits can make the difference between winning and losing. When in doubt, bring it — the court can disregard irrelevant materials, but missing proof cannot be added after the hearing.

Create a simple evidence binder with sections. The first section should include the contract or agreement (written or verbal) establishing the defendant’s obligation. If no written contract exists, prepare a short timeline describing the agreement — when, where, and how the promise was made. Add corroborating records such as checks or electronic payments showing that you paid for goods or services. The second section should cover communications: texts, emails, or letters where the dispute was discussed. Highlight admissions or acknowledgments by the defendant. The third section should document damages — repair bills, replacement costs, or professional estimates. If you suffered property loss, include photos showing the “before” and “after.” Smartphone timestamps or metadata can authenticate them.

When preparing witness testimony, identify people with firsthand knowledge — for example, a mechanic who inspected the damage or a friend who witnessed the transaction. Witnesses can either appear in court or submit notarized affidavits. If they are reluctant, you may subpoena them using the clerk’s form and pay a small fee for service. Remember, judges prefer direct, concise testimony. Organize all exhibits sequentially (Exhibit A, B, C …) and prepare at least three copies — one for yourself, one for the defendant, and one for the judge. Do not bring original irreplaceable items; certified copies are acceptable.

Evidence collection also includes understanding what not to submit. Hearsay — statements made by someone not present in court — is often inadmissible unless it falls within an exception. For instance, a written estimate from a non-testifying repairman may be excluded if the defendant objects. To strengthen such evidence, call the estimator as a witness or obtain a notarized statement verifying authenticity. Similarly, print screenshots of text messages or emails with clear sender information and timestamps. Avoid altering documents; even minor edits may be construed as tampering.

Finally, present your evidence as a story. Judges see dozens of cases daily; they remember the ones with clarity and logical flow. Arrange exhibits to show (1) what was agreed, (2) what went wrong, and (3) how much money was lost. Keep a one-page summary for reference during trial. Proper preparation signals respect for the court’s time and helps you appear credible, organized, and persuasive — all crucial in small claims litigation.

Step 3: Complete the Statement of Claim Form

The Statement of Claim form is the legal backbone of your small claims case. It transforms your complaint into an official court record and notifies the defendant of exactly what you are demanding. Most Florida counties provide this form through their clerk’s website or in person at the courthouse. You can also access standardized templates at flcourts.gov. The form must be completed in clear, legible handwriting or typed in black ink. Ambiguous or incomplete statements can cause the clerk to reject your filing.

Begin by identifying the parties precisely. Use your full legal name and mailing address as the plaintiff. List the defendant’s complete name, physical address, and phone if known. For businesses, use the exact legal name and registered agent listed with the Florida Division of Corporations. Misidentifying the defendant could make your judgment unenforceable. Next, state your claim clearly: “Defendant owes Plaintiff $2,000 for breach of contract for auto repair performed on June 5, 2024.” Avoid emotional phrasing; focus on facts, dates, and amounts. The goal is clarity, not storytelling.

Under “Amount of Claim,” specify the total you are requesting, including principal, interest (if applicable), and any quantifiable losses. Do not add court costs or filing fees — those are recoverable separately. Attach copies of any contracts, receipts, or communications referenced in your claim. These attachments should be labeled as exhibits. If you are claiming interest, indicate the rate and basis (e.g., “10% per annum under contract dated 1/15/2023”). If you request property return, describe it precisely — make, model, serial number, and estimated value.

The form also includes a “Statement Under Oath.” By signing, you certify that the facts are true to the best of your knowledge. Providing false information can lead to dismissal or contempt penalties under Florida Rule 7.050(b). Some counties require notarization, especially when the plaintiff files by mail. Review the form carefully before submission; errors like wrong addresses or incomplete signatures cause delays.

If multiple defendants share liability, list them all and specify whether they are jointly or severally responsible. Example: “John Smith and Jane Doe jointly borrowed $1,500 on Feb 2, 2023, and failed to repay.” If you are suing on behalf of a business, sign using your title (e.g., “Alex Reed, Manager, Reed Auto LLC”). Corporate plaintiffs may appear through officers or employees in small claims without attorneys under Rule 7.050(a)(2).

Finally, double-check that you have attached every supporting exhibit and made sufficient copies — one for the court, one for each defendant, and one for your records. Organize them neatly; the clerk may staple or scan them into the record. Keep a separate digital backup. A well-drafted Statement of Claim tells the judge exactly what happened and what relief you seek, making later stages — filing, service, and trial — far smoother. This document is your voice on paper; investing time to make it precise and factual sets a professional tone that strengthens your entire case.

Step 4: File the Claim with the Clerk of Court

Filing your Statement of Claim with the Clerk of Court transforms your complaint from paperwork into an official case. In Florida, small claims cases are filed in the county court division that has jurisdiction over the dispute. You can file in person, by mail, or online through the statewide e-filing portal (myflcourtaccess.com). Electronic filing is increasingly preferred because it allows 24-hour submission and generates an electronic timestamp that proves the exact date and time your claim was filed. Whether you file digitally or on paper, accuracy and completeness are critical; the clerk cannot correct mistakes on your behalf.

When you arrive at the courthouse or log into the e-filing portal, you’ll submit the completed Statement of Claim, any required attachments, and the filing fee. Filing fees vary by claim amount and county, but generally follow a state-approved schedule: approximately $55 for claims under $500, $80 to $175 for claims up to $2,500, and roughly $300 for claims approaching the $8,000 limit. Additional defendants incur separate service fees, usually $40 to $60 each. Some clerks also charge small administrative fees for copies or summons issuance. If you cannot afford these costs, complete an Application for Determination of Civil Indigent Status. The clerk or judge will review your income and may waive or defer payment under Florida Statute §57.082.

After payment is accepted, the clerk assigns a unique case number (for example “23-SC-12345”) and date-stamps your filing. That timestamp is vital — it starts the official timeline for the pretrial conference and other deadlines. The clerk will then issue a “Notice to Appear” summons, which includes the defendant’s name, address, and the date of the mandatory pretrial conference. Review the notice carefully; if the address or name is incorrect, request an immediate correction. You will need multiple certified copies for each defendant and for your records.

Depending on the county, additional forms may be required. Some courts mandate a Civil Cover Sheet, identifying the type of claim, and others require disclosure of any related cases. Certain counties (like Miami-Dade and Broward) automatically issue standing administrative orders that restrict both parties from transferring assets, contacting each other, or harassing witnesses while the case is pending. Violating those standing orders can result in sanctions. Ask the clerk if your county enforces any local procedural variations.

If you file in person, bring at least two extra copies of every document. The clerk will keep the originals, stamp your copies “filed,” and return them to you. Those stamped copies are your proof of filing and must be preserved carefully. If you use e-filing, download and save the confirmation PDF immediately; the portal does not permanently archive personal submissions.

Once filed, your case is officially open, but it cannot proceed until the defendant is served. Still, this step triggers several automatic protections. For example, under the Florida Rules of Judicial Administration, all parties are bound by ethical restrictions against destroying evidence. Filing also tolls (pauses) any statute of limitations, preserving your legal rights even if the hearing date is weeks away.

Common mistakes at this stage include spelling errors in names, incorrect service addresses, or missing attachments referenced in the claim. Each of these can delay service or cause dismissal. Review your filing packet as though you were the judge receiving it: is everything clearly labeled, chronological, and consistent? A well-organized submission signals credibility and reduces administrative friction. Once the clerk stamps your case, make note of the assigned courtroom or division and keep an eye on correspondence from the court — pretrial notices are usually sent by mail within 10 to 15 days. Congratulations: you’ve now officially filed your Florida small claims case and can move forward to serving the defendant properly.

Step 5: Serve the Defendant Properly

Service of process is the constitutional safeguard that ensures fairness in every civil case. Florida law requires that the defendant receive formal notice of the lawsuit and an opportunity to respond before the court can act. Under Rule 7.070 of the Florida Small Claims Rules and Chapter 48 of the Florida Statutes, service must be performed by an authorized officer — typically the county sheriff or a certified private process server. The purpose is not just procedural formality; without valid service, the court has no jurisdiction, meaning your case cannot proceed even if every other document is perfect.

After filing, obtain the issued “Notice to Appear” and Statement of Claim from the clerk. Deliver these to the sheriff’s office or your chosen process server, along with the service fee. The server will attempt personal delivery at the address you provided. If the defendant accepts the papers, the server completes a Return of Service form documenting the date, time, and method of delivery. That return must be filed with the clerk — it is your proof that service was completed legally.

If personal service fails because the defendant has moved or is avoiding service, Florida allows alternative methods. Substituted service may be made by leaving the papers with an adult at the defendant’s usual residence, or with an employee at the defendant’s business address. For corporations, service must be directed to the registered agent listed on Sunbiz.org. If the agent cannot be found after diligent search, you may serve an officer or manager. When all reasonable efforts fail, you may request permission for service by publication under Chapter 49. This involves publishing notice in a local newspaper for a specified number of weeks and submitting an affidavit of diligent search.

In some cooperative cases, the defendant may waive formal service by signing a “Waiver of Service of Process” before a notary. This can save time and cost, but make sure the waiver is properly filed with the court. Once service is complete, the defendant has a legal duty to appear at the pretrial conference noted in the Notice to Appear. Failure to appear can lead to a default judgment in your favor, granting the full amount you requested.

Always double-check that names, addresses, and case numbers on the served documents match the filed originals. Courts strictly enforce accuracy — a misspelled name or wrong suite number can invalidate service. Keep copies of all receipts and communications with the process server for reimbursement later if you win. Remember that improper or incomplete service is among the most common reasons small claims cases are delayed or dismissed.

Beyond procedure, good practice involves professionalism. Inform the clerk once service is complete and verify that the Return of Service is visible in the court’s docket. Mark your calendar for the defendant’s appearance deadline. This diligence ensures your case progresses smoothly and positions you for success at the next stage — the pretrial conference.

Step 6: Attend the Pretrial Conference

The pretrial conference is a cornerstone of the Florida small claims process. It’s designed to simplify cases, encourage settlement, and ensure that both parties are prepared if the dispute proceeds to trial. The date and time are printed on the Notice to Appear you received from the clerk. Attendance is mandatory for both plaintiff and defendant. If you, as the plaintiff, fail to appear, the judge may dismiss your case. If the defendant fails to appear, you can request a default judgment. Because of its significance, treat this conference with the same seriousness as an actual trial.

When you arrive at the courthouse, check in with the bailiff or clerk at least 15 minutes early. Dress neatly and bring all your documents — the Statement of Claim, proof of service, receipts, contracts, and photographs. The pretrial conference typically begins with the judge calling the calendar of cases. When your name is called, step forward and confirm your presence. The judge will verify that service was properly completed and ask each side whether a settlement is possible. Many counties assign a certified mediator who meets privately with both parties in a conference room to attempt resolution.

Mediation at this stage is confidential and informal. The mediator does not decide the case but helps both sides explore compromise. Settlements reached are recorded in a Mediated Settlement Agreement, which is signed and filed with the court. Once signed, it becomes legally binding and enforceable as a judgment. If settlement fails, the judge will set a trial date, often within 30 to 45 days.

During pretrial, you may also address procedural issues — such as requesting subpoenas for witnesses, verifying addresses, or amending minor errors in your filing. Be concise and respectful when speaking. Address the judge as “Your Honor,” avoid interrupting, and let the other party finish before responding. Judges appreciate organized litigants who stick to facts rather than emotion.

If your case involves complex evidence or multiple witnesses, you can ask for additional time before trial. The judge may issue a continuance if there is good cause. Conversely, if the dispute is simple — for example, an unpaid bill with clear documentation — the judge may allow an immediate trial the same day. Always be ready for that possibility by having your exhibits in order.

Pretrial conferences typically last only 5 to 10 minutes, but they determine the direction of your case. About 70% of Florida small claims cases are resolved through mediation or voluntary dismissal at this stage, saving both sides significant time and money. If no agreement is reached, the court will issue a Trial Order listing the date, time, and required witness disclosures. Make sure to note deadlines; missing a trial date without notice can result in judgment against you.

In short, the pretrial conference is your chance to show readiness and good faith. Come early, bring organized documents, and approach the process with professionalism. Whether you settle or proceed to trial, how you handle this step greatly influences how the court perceives you later.

Step 7: Prepare Thoroughly for Trial

Preparation is the single greatest predictor of success in small claims court. Once a trial date is set, begin by reviewing your evidence and clarifying the narrative of your case. Your goal is to present a coherent story that explains what happened, why the defendant is legally responsible, and how much you are owed. Organize all documents chronologically: contract, proof of payment, communications, demand letters, and receipts for losses. Judges appreciate logical sequencing; it helps them follow events without confusion.

Label each exhibit numerically or alphabetically and prepare three identical sets — one for the judge, one for the opposing party, and one for yourself. If you plan to call witnesses, confirm their availability and issue subpoenas through the clerk at least 10 days before trial. Witnesses with firsthand knowledge, such as contractors, tenants, or service providers, carry more weight than character witnesses.

Practice your presentation aloud. Florida small claims trials are informal compared with circuit court proceedings, but they still follow the Florida Rules of Evidence. You must be ready to authenticate your exhibits, meaning you can explain where they came from and that they accurately reflect reality. For photos, note when and where they were taken. For texts or emails, identify the sender and recipient. Anticipate possible objections and prepare concise responses such as, “Your Honor, this is a business record created in the ordinary course of my work.”

Review the defendant’s likely arguments. If you expect them to claim that payment was made, bring bank statements or receipts disproving it. If they allege defective workmanship, provide expert assessments or photos showing otherwise. Keep your explanations short — the average Florida small claims trial lasts 20 to 40 minutes. Focus only on key facts directly tied to the amount claimed.

Prepare a brief opening statement summarizing your position: who you are, what you are claiming, and what evidence supports it. Example: “Your Honor, I paid the defendant $1,800 for roofing work that was never completed. I have the contract, payment receipt, and photos showing the unfinished work.” This introduction frames your entire case clearly for the judge.

Also prepare closing remarks — a one-minute summary reiterating the legal duty breached and the total you request. Avoid personal attacks or emotional appeals. The judge’s role is to apply law to facts, not mediate morality.

Finally, review logistics. Confirm courtroom location, parking, and time. Bring a pen, notepad, and copies of everything. Turn off your phone before entering. Dress professionally — conservative attire reflects seriousness. Arrive 30 minutes early to collect your thoughts. Confidence stems from preparation, not aggression. Treat court staff courteously; their goodwill can be invaluable for last-minute clarifications or paperwork.

By completing these steps, you will walk into court with a clear mind, organized exhibits, and a structured narrative. Judges consistently note that the most persuasive small-claims litigants are not lawyers but individuals who are calm, prepared, and factual. With careful preparation, you place yourself in that category and significantly increase your chance of obtaining a favorable ruling.

Step 8: Attend the Trial and Present Your Case

Trial day is where all your preparation culminates. In Florida small claims court, the trial is relatively informal but firmly structured around fairness, clarity, and evidence. Both you (the plaintiff) and the defendant will have equal opportunities to present your side before the judge. There is no jury unless one is specifically requested and approved, which is rare for small claims. Judges typically prefer streamlined bench hearings to maintain efficiency.

Arrive early—at least thirty minutes before the scheduled time. When you enter the courtroom, check in with the bailiff and wait until your case is called. Bring three complete copies of all exhibits, labeled and organized. When the judge calls your case, move forward to the podium or counsel table. Speak clearly and address the judge as “Your Honor.” Avoid emotional outbursts; calm professionalism carries more weight than intensity.

The plaintiff always goes first. Begin with a concise statement summarizing what happened, why the defendant owes you money or property, and what evidence you will show. Keep this introduction under two minutes. Then, methodically present your exhibits in logical order: contract, proof of payment, communications, and photographs of damage or nonperformance. Offer each exhibit to the bailiff when asked, and describe it aloud so it enters the record: “This is Exhibit A, a written agreement dated April 2, 2024.” Judges appreciate clear labeling; it helps them recall your story later.

Next, call any witnesses. Witnesses must testify under oath, and you will ask them direct questions that establish relevant facts—what they saw, heard, or verified. Avoid leading questions such as “He didn’t pay me, right?” Instead, ask “What happened when payment was due?” The defendant may cross-examine your witnesses, and you will have the same right when it is their turn. Remain courteous; hostility alienates judges quickly.

After presenting your evidence, rest your case. The judge will then invite the defendant to respond. Listen carefully, take notes, and prepare a brief rebuttal if needed. When the judge asks follow-up questions, answer honestly and succinctly. Do not interrupt the opposing party. If objections arise, let the judge rule. Florida’s small-claims rules allow flexibility—judges often relax technical evidentiary restrictions—but authenticity and relevance remain crucial.

Once both sides finish, the judge may rule immediately from the bench or take the case under advisement. In either scenario, maintain respect until dismissed. If judgment is reserved, you’ll receive written notice later. Remember: the judge’s decision hinges on clarity and documentation, not theatrics. By staying factual, organized, and composed, you maximize credibility and the chance of a favorable outcome.

Step 9: Obtain and Enforce the Judgment

Winning your small-claims case is only half the battle—the other half is collecting what the court awarded you. The judgment is the court’s official declaration that the defendant owes you money or property. Once signed by the judge and recorded by the clerk, it becomes enforceable statewide under Florida Rule 7.170 and Chapter 55 of the Florida Statutes. You should first obtain a certified copy of the judgment from the clerk’s office; this document is your legal tool for collection.

If the defendant pays voluntarily, issue a written satisfaction of judgment to the court, acknowledging payment in full. Many defendants, however, fail to pay immediately. In that case, you have several enforcement options. The most common is a writ of execution, which authorizes the sheriff to seize and sell the defendant’s non-exempt property to satisfy the judgment. You must file a Motion for Writ of Execution with the clerk, pay a small fee, and provide details about assets—vehicles, business equipment, or real estate. The sheriff will advertise and conduct the sale, then distribute proceeds after deducting costs.

Another route is wage garnishment. Under Chapter 77, you may ask the court to garnish the defendant’s wages or bank accounts. This requires filing a Motion for Garnishment, paying a nominal fee, and serving notice on both the employer and the debtor. Certain exemptions apply—Social Security income, disability benefits, and some pensions cannot be garnished. If granted, the garnishee (employer or bank) must withhold funds until the judgment is satisfied.

Judgments also act as liens on real property when recorded in the county’s official records. Recording costs around $10 per page but ensures that if the debtor sells property, the lien must be paid before closing. Florida judgments remain valid for twenty years, allowing long-term enforcement. You may renew or re-record if necessary.

If you discover assets later, you can schedule a post-judgment debtor examination. The court orders the defendant to appear and disclose income, property, and bank accounts under oath. Failure to appear can lead to contempt or even arrest. Bringing documentation—like bank statements or vehicle registrations—helps identify attachable assets.

Collection takes persistence. Keep detailed logs of every step—dates of filings, payments, and communications with the sheriff or clerk. Always comply with statutory notice requirements and respect debtor exemptions; improper collection attempts can backfire legally. Patience and documentation convert a paper victory into real compensation.

Step 10: Close the Case and Maintain Records

After enforcement or voluntary payment, your final responsibility is to close the case properly. Start by confirming that all monetary obligations have been met. If the defendant pays in installments, keep receipts for each transaction. Once payment is complete, file a Satisfaction of Judgment with the clerk under Florida Statute §55.141. This tells the court that no further enforcement is necessary and clears the debtor’s record. Failing to file satisfaction within 60 days of full payment may result in penalties.

Next, organize and archive your case file. Keep digital and printed copies of every document—Statement of Claim, Notice to Appear, proof of service, orders, receipts, and correspondence. Florida courts retain small-claims files for several years, but your own copies are essential for tax reporting, credit disputes, or future reference. Store them securely for at least seven years, consistent with standard civil record-keeping practices.

If you lost the case or part of it, review the judgment carefully. The judge’s ruling may explain deficiencies in proof or law. You have limited time—ten days under Rule 7.180—to file a Motion for Rehearing or Appeal to the Circuit Court. Appeals are not retrials; they review whether the law was applied correctly. Filing requires new fees and precise adherence to procedural rules, so consult a lawyer if considering this step.

Finally, learn from the process. Whether you won or lost, the small-claims system offers valuable insight into how contracts, evidence, and communication affect legal outcomes. Many litigants adjust their business practices afterward—writing clearer agreements, documenting payments, and resolving disputes earlier. Maintaining professionalism and record discipline also enhances credibility if you ever return to court.

Once satisfied or closed, request confirmation from the clerk that the case is marked “Disposed.” Destroy extra sensitive materials such as bank statements to prevent identity theft. Celebrate closure—successfully navigating Florida’s small-claims process means you exercised your legal rights efficiently and responsibly.

Costs Associated

Filing a small-claims case in Florida is relatively inexpensive compared with higher civil actions. Typical expenses include: filing fees ($55 – $300 depending on claim size), service fees ($40 – $60 per defendant), copying and certification ($1 per page), and potential mediation costs ($60 – $120 shared equally). Optional costs may arise for subpoenas ($7 each plus service) or post-judgment garnishment ($100 – $200 in fees and sheriff costs). If you win, the judge can include these reasonable expenses in your judgment award under Rule 7.175. Those with limited income can file an Application for Indigent Status to seek fee waivers or payment deferrals under §57.082 F.S.

Time Required

The average Florida small-claims case lasts 60 to 120 days from filing to judgment. Uncontested matters resolved at pretrial may finish within a month. Contested cases involving witnesses, continuances, or enforcement can extend six months or more. Deadlines to note: service within 120 days of filing, mandatory pretrial appearance (usually within 3 – 4 weeks of filing), trial date (30 – 60 days after pretrial), and post-judgment collection (which may take weeks or months depending on debtor assets). Prompt response to court notices is essential to avoid delays.

Limitations of Small Claims in Florida

• Monetary limit of $8,000 excludes cases involving injunctions, evictions, or equitable relief.
• Judges cannot order specific performance (e.g., forcing a service to be completed).
• Limited formal discovery and strict time constraints may reduce ability to obtain complex evidence.
• Defendants can request transfer to county civil division if issues are too complicated.
• Attorneys are allowed but fees are rarely recoverable unless a contract specifically provides for them.

Risks and Unexpected Problems

• Improper service or jurisdictional errors can void the case entirely.
• Defendants may file counterclaims turning a simple case into a complex dispute.
• Even with a judgment, collection may be slow if the debtor has no non-exempt assets.
• Emotional stress and time off work add hidden costs not reflected in filing fees.
• Appeals or motions for rehearing can extend resolution for months.

Sources

• Florida Courts Official Website
• Florida E-Filing Portal
• Florida Division of Corporations
• The Florida Bar