Overview

In North Dakota, the statute for a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order (DCRO) is grounded in the concept of unwanted intrusion—acts, words or gestures by a respondent, directed at a petitioner, that are intended to adversely affect the petitioner’s safety, security or privacy. The law recognizes that not all concerning behavior falls neatly into domestic-violence, harassment or stalking statutes. The DCRO track fills that gap: it serves individuals who are targeted by non-household or non-intimate persons and who experience repeated unwanted conduct that creates fear, alarm, or disruption in their daily lives. When properly petitioned, approved and served, a DCRO becomes an enforceable court order: the respondent must cease the identified conduct, stay away from specified locations or people, and if they violate the order, they can face criminal consequences. This guide explains what qualifies as disorderly conduct under North Dakota law, then walks through the ten-step process of obtaining and enforcing a DCRO—from identifying qualifying conduct, through filing and hearing, and on to enforcement, modification and closure.

Who Can Apply for a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order in North Dakota

Under North Dakota law, any individual who is not in a domestic or household relationship with the respondent and who has been subjected to repeated unwanted acts, words, or gestures that adversely affect their safety, security, or privacy can apply for a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order (DCRO). The DCRO is intended to protect against harassment, stalking, intimidation, or other intrusive behavior from acquaintances, coworkers, neighbors, former friends, or even strangers. It is a civil remedy designed to stop harassment before it escalates into physical danger.

The law specifically excludes family and household members because those relationships are covered under the Domestic Violence Protection Order (DVPO) statutes. So, if you share a household, marriage, or intimate relationship with the respondent, you should instead seek a DVPO. For everyone else—landlords, tenants, classmates, supervisors, employees, ex-friends, social media trolls, or casual acquaintances who cross the line into harassment—the DCRO is the correct form of protection.

Minors can apply through a parent or legal guardian. A parent may also seek a DCRO on behalf of their child when the harassment targets the child directly or when the conduct threatens the child’s sense of safety and security. For elderly or disabled adults unable to file on their own, guardians or appointed representatives may petition for protection. Employers or property owners can file in limited circumstances, for example, when an employee or tenant is being targeted on the premises, creating a safety hazard for others.

Petitioners must demonstrate a pattern or intent—meaning that the respondent’s actions are deliberate and aimed at causing distress or fear, not accidental or one-time occurrences. The qualifying conduct might include repeated unwanted visits, threatening gestures, vulgar communications, excessive phone calls, following someone physically or online, or photographing and posting someone’s private activities. It can also include digital harassment—persistent emails, social media stalking, or doxing—so long as it is directed at an identifiable person with intent to intimidate or disrupt their privacy.

You may apply whether or not you have reported the behavior to law enforcement. The DCRO process is separate from criminal proceedings; it provides immediate civil protection without requiring a criminal charge. If police reports or witness statements exist, they strengthen your petition, but they are not mandatory. The district court will evaluate your sworn affidavit and evidence to determine if the statutory criteria are met.

Filing is open to both North Dakota residents and non-residents if the harassment occurred within the state or if the respondent resides in North Dakota. Venue is proper in any district court where either party resides or where the conduct took place. You do not need an attorney, though legal aid offices and victim-assistance centers often help draft petitions at no cost. The goal is accessibility—allowing ordinary people to seek relief directly from the courts when harassment becomes intolerable.

In summary, you qualify to apply if:

• You are not related to or living with the respondent.
• You have experienced acts, words, or gestures that are unwanted and directed toward you.
• These acts were intended to adversely affect your safety, security, or privacy.
• You can describe or document the incidents clearly and truthfully under oath.

If these conditions apply, you have the right to file for a DCRO and request immediate protection through the North Dakota district courts.

Benefits of Obtaining a DCRO

The benefits of a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order extend far beyond the piece of paper itself—it delivers enforceable safety, psychological reassurance, and legal recognition that the respondent’s behavior is unacceptable. Once granted, a DCRO creates a court-ordered barrier that prohibits the respondent from contacting, approaching, or harassing the petitioner. This order is enforceable statewide, and violation of it constitutes a criminal offense. Police officers can arrest violators on the spot, even without a new act of violence, ensuring fast protection.

A DCRO empowers victims by converting their fear into action. It provides immediate peace of mind knowing the law is on your side. You are no longer left hoping the behavior stops; you have a legal instrument that compels it to stop. The order can include customized terms: prohibiting the respondent from visiting your home, workplace, or school; forbidding them from calling, emailing, texting, or posting about you online; and requiring them to stay a specific distance away (for example, 100 or 500 yards). This flexibility allows judges to tailor protection to your exact situation.

Another significant benefit is speed and accessibility. North Dakota’s courts recognize the urgency of harassment cases. Petitions can often be reviewed the same day you file, and temporary (ex parte) protection orders may take effect immediately once a judge signs them. You do not need an attorney, and clerks provide the correct forms and instructions at no cost. If your situation qualifies, you can file and receive protection within days, not months.

A DCRO also strengthens your future safety record. Having a court-verified history of harassment can help if the behavior escalates or if criminal charges become necessary. The order serves as documentation that the court has already found the respondent’s actions to be harmful and unlawful. This can make subsequent prosecution, workplace protections, or restraining extensions easier to obtain.

Moreover, the existence of a DCRO deters future misconduct. Many respondents stop once served, realizing that further contact could result in arrest. The legal consequences make harassment costly and inconvenient for them, often resolving the issue without additional confrontation. The DCRO thus serves as both shield and deterrent—protecting victims and discouraging would-be offenders from crossing personal boundaries.

Finally, a DCRO restores personal stability. Victims often report sleeping better, returning to work confidently, and feeling safe in public again. It restores a sense of control that harassment had eroded. Even though the process can seem formal, the benefits are deeply personal: empowerment, peace, and freedom from unwanted intrusion. In essence, a DCRO transforms fear into legal authority—backed by the courts, enforceable by police, and respected across jurisdictions.

Step 1: Recognize Whether Your Situation Qualifies for a DCRO

The first and most important step is to determine whether the conduct you are experiencing qualifies under North Dakota’s definition of disorderly conduct in the DCRO context. The statute requires that (1) the respondent engaged in acts, words or gestures; (2) that those acts, words or gestures were targeted at you (the petitioner); (3) that they were unwanted or intrusive; and (4) that they were intended to adversely affect your safety, security or privacy. The statute further requires that the relationship between petitioner and respondent is not that of family or household member; if the respondent is a spouse, partner, parent or co-resident, the case may belong under the domestic violence statute rather than the DCRO track. Therefore, you must ask: Do you and the respondent share a household, or have an intimate personal relationship? If so, DCRO may not apply. If not, you may qualify.

Focus carefully on “works words or gestures” and “adversely affect safety, security or privacy.” It is not enough that you find the conduct annoying or unpleasant. The statute contemplates purposeful behavior—following you, monitoring you, persistent message-bombing, appearing uninvited at your home or workplace, using electronic surveillance, or threats of exposure or intimidation. A single incident might justify a temporary order if extreme (for example, threatening bodily harm), but for a final order the courts generally expect a pattern—multiple events that show intent and intrusion. For example: the respondent appear multiple times at your apartment building late at night, sends threatening texts and uses your work badge to piggyback into your office, all after you asked them to stop. That kind of repeated harassment fits the definition.

You must evaluate whether the conduct affected your “safety, security or privacy.” Safety means your physical well-being is threatened or you reasonably fear harm. Security refers to your peace of mind, disruption of your routines, sense of staying safe in places you frequent. Privacy means unwanted intrusion—surveillance, photographing you, accessing your account, showing up where you didn’t invite the person. If the misconduct only triggered annoyance, or is purely speech protected by the First Amendment (such as a public protest or criticism), DCRO may not apply. Courts exclude peaceful picketing or protest, or the mere expression of opinions unless tied to threats or invasion of privacy.

Next ask whether you have documented evidence of the conduct. Even though a petition may be filed without an attorney, the court expects concrete facts: dates, times, places, what was said or done, how you experienced it, and what the respondent’s intent or pattern shows. If you cannot specify the incidents, the petition may be denied for lack of evidence. You should plan to attach or refer to texts, videos, recordings, logs, photographs, witness names, or police incident numbers. Without this, the judge has little basis to find disorderly conduct and issue the restraining order.

Finally remember service and venue rules. The DCRO must be filed in a district court in a county where either you (the petitioner) reside, the respondent resides, or the conduct occurred. Once you clarify that your situation meets the statutory eligibility, you are ready to proceed to drafting the petition packet. But keep a checklist: (1) Are you non-household/non-family? (2) Has the respondent engaged in intrusive acts/words/gestures aimed at you? (3) Is there a pattern showing intent to disrupt your safety, security or privacy? (4) Do you have documented incidents? If the answer is yes to all four, then your situation likely qualifies. The next step is to gather the correct forms and start filling them with precision.

Step 2: Carefully Assemble Your Narrative and Evidence to Meet the Statutory Elements

With the eligibility established, your next step is to craft a compelling narrative and collect supporting evidence that aligns with the statute’s core elements. You must address each required element: (1) targeted acts, words or gestures by the respondent; (2) unwanted or intrusive nature directed at you; (3) intent to adversely affect your safety, security or privacy; and (4) qualification of non-household relationship. Segment your petition so each incident is described with what happened, when and where, how you were affected, and what proof you have.

Start with a chronological timeline of three to six of the strongest incidents you can document. Use the following structure for each incident:
– Date and approximate time (e.g., “June 5, 2025 at approximately 10:30 p.m.”)
– Location (your apartment building, your workplace, your vehicle)
– What conduct occurred (e.g., “Respondent knocked repeatedly on my door without invitation, then stood in the hallway for five minutes and took photographs of the entrance to my unit”).
– How you were affected (e.g., “I feared the respondent would enter, I changed my work schedule to avoid him, and I installed a security camera Tuesday morning”).
– Evidence you intend to present (e.g., Exhibit A: screenshot of photos; Exhibit B: a 911 case number; Exhibit C: text message at 11:12 p.m.).
Label each exhibit clearly and ensure each incident aligns with an exhibit number.

Be explicit about intent. The statute speaks to “intent … to adversely affect safety, security or privacy.” Don’t write vague statements like “I felt unsafe.” Instead, specify how the respondent’s behavior altered your patterns: “After June 5 the respondent followed my car home three times in two weeks, sat in the parking lot, and sent messages like ‘I’m always watching.’ I changed lanes, changed the time I left work, and installed a recording dashcam (see Exhibit D).” That demonstrates intrusion and intent.

Address the “unwanted or intrusive” component. Show that you tried to stop the behavior—sent messages asking the respondent to cease, told security, changed your plans—and that the respondent ignored those requests. Courts look at whether the conduct continues after you asked it to stop, signaling that it is not accidental or harmless. Your petition should describe those communications or efforts (“On June 12 I sent text message to respondent: ‘Leave me alone or I will call police.’ He responded 17 minutes later with ‘We’ll see.’ See Exhibit E”). That reflects a refusal to respect boundaries, proving intrusion.

Explain how the conduct impacted your safety, security or privacy. Safety: “I feared bodily harm when the respondent followed me and announced ‘I’ll find you’.” Security: “I now take alternate routes, check behind me, and cannot work overtime because I fear being followed.” Privacy: “The respondent installed a camera pointing at my home’s front window and posted photographs on social media, creating surveillance I did not consent to.” These particulars help the judge assess the seriousness.

Finally, assemble your attachments. Print all screenshots, photos, video still-frames (with clear timestamps), police reports or incident numbers, witness names and contact info, written communications from the respondent, and any logs you kept. Create an exhibit index: Exhibit A, Exhibit B, Exhibit C, and so on. Number at least three full sets (one for the court, one for the respondent, one for your copy). If you have audio or video, bring a transcript and a backup USB drive and confirm the court allows playback.

By the end of Step 2 you should have a nearly complete petition: narrative with incidents, clear reference to exhibits, attachments labeled and organized, and at least a draft of the relief you will request (no contact, stay-away zones, indirect contact ban). Double-check that the respondent is non-household, that the venue is correct, and that you have your own contact information and safe address for court notices. A well-prepared petition dramatically improves your chances of a favorable decision.

Step 3: File the Petition, Request Temporary Relief and Ensure Service Logistics

Having assembled your petition and evidence, you must now file the documents with the appropriate North Dakota district court. At the clerk’s office, submit the petition, the proposed order (for temporary relief, often titled “Ex Parte Order for DCRO”), the affidavit of service request, and any fee waiver request if applicable. The filing triggers the court process, prompts a judge’s review, and sets the clock for service, hearing scheduling, and final order.

When you arrive at the clerk’s office or upload via e-filing, ensure the filing covers all required paperwork: the coversheet, the petition narrative, the exhibit index, any attachments, a proposed order for the judge’s signature granting temporary relief, and the request for the hearing date. If you make a fee waiver request, complete the affidavit of indigency and mark the box for “Relief requested: temporary order and hearing date.” Some courts allow same-day review for temporary orders if danger is imminent; others review within one business day. Ask the clerk how this district handles ex-parte requests and whether you must wait for a docket number or hearing assignment.

Immediately upon filing, you must plan for service of process. Service must be accomplished so the respondent knows about the case and has notice of the hearing. Most North Dakota counties use the sheriff’s office for personal service. Provide the clerk’s office with accurate respondent information: full name, date of birth (if known), home address, work address, vehicle description, typical schedules, and any alternate addresses. If the respondent is difficult to locate, ask whether the clerk and sheriff permit additional investigative info (e.g., last known email contact, neighbor name, travel patterns). Efficient service saves delays and improves the odds of hearing on schedule.

If your situation is urgent—escalating threats, repeated violations, or services already rendered—it may qualify for a temporary (ex-parte) DCRO. This order can be signed by the judge without the respondent present, based solely on your sworn petition and showing of imminent risk or ongoing harassment. The proposed order you filed should precisely match the relief you seek (stay-away distances, no-contact zones, electronic messaging bans). When a judge signs it, the clerk will issue certified copies immediately. You must make arrangements so one copy reaches law enforcement and one remains with you. Timing is critical: service of the temporary order must still occur promptly to trigger enforcement.

Check the filing receipt or docket sheet to confirm the hearing date and time. Confirm with the clerk whether appearances are in person or remote, where to report, and what to bring. Mark your calendar with reminders for service follow-ups, exhibit deadlines and hearing preparation. If service fails before the hearing, request a continuance early rather than arriving unprepared. Track every step with dates and notes—you are building a record of diligence that supports your case.

Finally, maintain a safe‐copy of everything: petition, attachments, proposed order, fee waiver request, filing receipt. Use high-quality prints and bind documents in non-metal fasteners to ensure scanning compatibility. If the clerk scans your filing, confirm legibility on their docket system or via online view. By the end of Step 3, you should have a filed case number, scheduled hearing or forthcoming scheduling, and service plan ready to launch. With the process initiated, your next focus becomes preparing for the hearing itself—organizing evidence, witnesses and your presentation. This marks the transition from filing to action.

Step 4: Attend the Hearing and Present Your Case

Once your petition is filed and served, the next major milestone is your court hearing. This is your opportunity to explain directly to the judge why the court should issue a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order (DCRO). Hearings are typically scheduled within two to three weeks of filing, though urgent cases may be expedited. Attend in person unless the court authorizes remote participation. Arrive early, well-prepared, and organized — your credibility and demeanor can influence the judge’s perception as much as the written petition.

When you enter the courtroom, check in with the bailiff or clerk. You will be called when your case number is announced. The judge or magistrate will usually begin by explaining that this is a civil matter under N.D.C.C. § 12.1-31.2, not a criminal proceeding, and that both sides will have an opportunity to present evidence and testimony. You are the petitioner — the person seeking protection. The respondent is the individual accused of disorderly conduct. If the respondent fails to appear despite proper service, you may still proceed and ask for a default order.

When it’s your turn, address the judge respectfully (“Your Honor”). Begin with a concise summary: “I’m requesting a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order because the respondent repeatedly harassed me, came to my home uninvited, and sent threatening messages after I told them to stop.” Keep your tone calm and factual. Judges respond best to clear timelines supported by documentation. Use your prepared exhibits — texts, photographs, police reports, or witness statements — to demonstrate the pattern of conduct and its impact on your safety, security, or privacy.

Present your strongest evidence first. Emphasize repeated actions and ignored warnings: “On three occasions in May, the respondent waited outside my workplace. After being told to leave by security, he sent messages saying, ‘I’ll be here every day until you talk to me.’” Hand the judge or bailiff the exhibit that proves this (e.g., screenshots, statements). Visuals often make the situation real in a way that words alone cannot. Keep each explanation under two minutes; judges appreciate brevity and structure.

If the respondent appears, they will be allowed to respond. Remain silent while they speak. Do not interrupt — even if they misrepresent events. You will have a chance to clarify. Judges often notice which party behaves more respectfully and consistently. When it’s your turn again, calmly correct inaccuracies: “Your Honor, the respondent claims we were friends, but I have attached text messages where I asked him to stop contacting me two months before the incidents began.” Let your evidence speak louder than emotion.

The judge will evaluate credibility, pattern, and harm. You don’t need to prove criminal guilt, only that it’s more likely than not (a preponderance of evidence) that disorderly conduct occurred. If the court finds sufficient proof, it will grant the DCRO — either immediately or by written order within a few days. If the judge denies it, ask politely whether the denial was based on evidence or legal standard so you can correct or refile if future incidents occur.

When the order is granted, the judge will sign a written DCRO specifying all restrictions: no contact by phone, text, email, social media, or in person; stay-away distances from your home, work, or school; and possibly limits on indirect contact through third parties. Obtain certified copies from the clerk immediately and deliver one to your local law enforcement agency. Once served, the order becomes enforceable statewide. Violating it can result in arrest under contempt or criminal harassment statutes.

By the end of Step 4, your hearing is complete and the court has either issued or denied your restraining order. If granted, you now possess a powerful legal protection tool. If denied, you still have valuable documentation and can refile if new incidents arise. Either way, attend every hearing professionally, with clear evidence and calm testimony — it’s your strongest path to safety and credibility before the court.

Step 5: Understand and Enforce the Granted Order

Once a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order is granted, understanding its terms and ensuring enforcement are essential. The order is a legally binding directive signed by a North Dakota district judge. It remains valid statewide and is recognized by law enforcement immediately upon filing. You, as the petitioner, must know exactly what protections it provides and how to act if the respondent violates it.

Start by reading the entire order carefully before leaving the courthouse. Pay attention to the effective dates, expiration date, and the specific prohibitions. Typical clauses include: (1) no direct or indirect contact with you in person, by phone, or online; (2) no visits to your residence, workplace, or school; (3) restrictions on approaching within a specified distance (commonly 100–500 feet); and (4) bans on harassment through third parties or social media. Some orders include special provisions such as surrendering firearms or avoiding particular addresses.

Once you receive certified copies, take immediate steps to protect yourself:

• Provide copies to law enforcement: Deliver one certified copy to your local police department or sheriff’s office. Officers will enter it into the state and national protection order registries (NDHP and NCIC), ensuring enforcement across jurisdictions.
• Notify relevant institutions: Give a copy to your employer’s security office, your child’s school, or building management so they are aware of the restrictions and can alert authorities if violations occur.
• Keep a personal copy accessible: Store one in your purse, car, or phone. If the respondent appears unexpectedly, you can show the responding officer that the order is active and enforceable.

If a violation occurs — any unwanted contact, approach, message, or threat — do not confront the respondent yourself. Call law enforcement immediately, provide the officer with your copy of the DCRO, and explain what happened. North Dakota law authorizes police to arrest violators on probable cause without a warrant. Violating a DCRO can lead to contempt of court, fines, or jail time. Keep detailed notes of every incident, including date, time, and witness names, and store them in a folder labeled “DCRO Violations.” This record will be vital if the court later considers extending or modifying your order.

You may also request additional enforcement through the court. File a Motion for Contempt if violations persist despite police reports. Attach copies of incident numbers or witness statements. The court may impose penalties or extend the duration of the order to ensure compliance. Courts take violations seriously; repeated offenses can escalate to criminal harassment or stalking charges under the North Dakota Century Code.

Remember that the order protects you, but only if you maintain vigilance. Do not initiate contact with the respondent, even to “warn” them. Doing so may undermine your legal protection. If the respondent attempts reconciliation, ignore it and report it. Judges view mutual contact unfavorably and may refuse to renew the order later.

Lastly, mark the expiration date on your calendar. DCROs typically last up to two years but can be extended if harassment continues. File for renewal at least thirty days before the expiration date using the same court forms. Include new incidents or violations to justify the extension. Maintaining a proactive stance ensures the order remains an effective barrier and that your peace of mind continues uninterrupted.

Step 6: Modify, Extend, or Terminate the Order

After a DCRO has been issued, circumstances sometimes change. The respondent may move away, comply consistently, or new harassment may arise. North Dakota law allows either party to request modification, extension, or termination of the order through written motion. This flexibility ensures that the order remains appropriately tailored to current facts while protecting the petitioner’s safety and the respondent’s due process rights.

If you need to modify the order — for example, to expand stay-away zones, update contact restrictions, or add protected persons — file a “Motion to Modify DCRO.” In your motion, cite the case number, current order date, and reasons for adjustment. Attach supporting documentation such as new incidents, police reports, or changes in residence or employment. The court will typically schedule a short hearing to review the request, during which you must again testify under oath.

To extend a DCRO, file a “Petition to Renew or Extend DCRO” before the current order expires. Include detailed evidence of ongoing or repeated unwanted contact or any fear of future harm. Extensions are generally granted when the court finds continuing risk. File early—ideally thirty to sixty days before expiration—to avoid any gap in protection. A renewed order can continue for another two-year period or longer if justified.

To terminate the order, the petitioner (not the respondent) must request it formally. Judges rarely end DCROs early unless the petitioner affirmatively states that the danger has ceased or the order is no longer necessary. Even then, the judge may hold a brief hearing to ensure the decision is voluntary and free from coercion. The respondent cannot unilaterally cancel the order; they may only move for dismissal if they can show evidence of abuse of process or misrepresentation.

Any modification or termination must be signed by the same or a successor judge and filed with the clerk. Once entered, the change is distributed to law enforcement, replacing the previous version in the state and national databases. Always obtain certified copies of the modified order and distribute them again to your employer, school, or relevant institutions to ensure continuous enforcement.

The ability to modify or extend a DCRO makes it adaptable to life’s realities. Protection orders should evolve as your circumstances evolve — becoming stronger if harassment continues, or winding down safely when the threat ends. Courts encourage proactive use of this mechanism to maintain lasting peace and safety.

Step 7: Respond to Violations and Document Incidents

Even after the court grants a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order (DCRO), violations may occur. Step 7 explains how to identify, document, and respond to those violations effectively. A violation can take many forms: direct communication despite a no-contact clause, showing up at restricted places, indirect messages through third parties, or online harassment that continues under new profiles. North Dakota law treats any breach seriously, but enforcement depends on timely and detailed reporting from you, the protected party.

The most critical rule is: never ignore a violation. Every contact or approach—no matter how small—should be logged and reported. Begin by calling law enforcement immediately. Provide your copy of the DCRO and describe the incident precisely: date, time, location, and what the respondent said or did. Officers will verify the order in the state database and may arrest the respondent on probable cause. A single intentional contact can lead to criminal contempt, fines, or jail time. The faster you report, the stronger your credibility and the safer you remain.

Next, document everything. Create a “DCRO Incident Log” to record each occurrence chronologically. Use a notebook, spreadsheet, or secure digital log. Each entry should include: (1) date and time; (2) what happened; (3) who witnessed it; (4) whether police were notified; and (5) any follow-up actions. Supplement written notes with screenshots, photos, or voice messages as proof. If you receive electronic contact, preserve it without alteration—save emails, print texts, and export social-media messages. Metadata (timestamps, sender info) adds legitimacy and is admissible in court.

If violations are repeated, contact the clerk of the same district court that issued your order and ask about filing a Motion for Contempt. This motion informs the judge that the respondent disobeyed the order. Attach your incident log and any police reports. The judge may schedule a hearing where both parties appear. At that hearing, you can testify, and officers or witnesses may corroborate your account. A finding of contempt can result in jail time or additional restrictions. Judges can also extend the order for several more years or make it permanent if the pattern is severe.

In parallel, notify support networks. If the respondent continues approaching your workplace or residence, alert security personnel or property management. Provide them a copy of the restraining order and written authorization to contact law enforcement if they observe violations. This external vigilance increases safety and provides independent witnesses.

If harassment happens online—through fake accounts, indirect posts, or shared contacts—take screenshots immediately and report the accounts to the platform for policy violations. Include the documentation in your contempt motion. Courts understand that modern harassment often moves into digital spaces; thorough evidence helps bridge the gap between online behavior and real-world threat.

Finally, maintain composure and consistency. Never retaliate or communicate with the respondent. Even responding “stop contacting me” can weaken your claim of non-contact. Let the order and the law speak for you. Every report you make strengthens the enforcement chain: your documentation → police report → court motion → judicial action. Together, these steps transform isolated incidents into a clear legal record that compels accountability.

Step 7, therefore, is not just reaction—it’s strategy. A well-kept record and timely response demonstrate responsibility and seriousness, ensuring that your DCRO remains a living, enforceable shield rather than a forgotten piece of paper.

Step 8: Seek Renewal Before Expiration

Most North Dakota Disorderly Conduct Restraining Orders expire after two years unless renewed. Renewal is not automatic—you must take proactive steps to extend protection. Begin the renewal process at least 30 days before expiration. Waiting too long may cause the order to lapse, leaving a gap in enforcement. This step ensures continuous safety without interruption.

Start by visiting the same district court that issued your original order. Request a “Petition to Renew or Extend DCRO” form from the clerk’s office or download it from the North Dakota courts’ website. Include your existing case number, order date, and a statement explaining why continued protection is necessary. Reference any new incidents, continued anxiety, or the respondent’s attempts to contact you. You do not need to prove brand-new harassment—showing a continuing need for safety is sufficient. Courts recognize that fear based on past behavior can remain reasonable even if contact has paused temporarily.

Attach evidence that supports your request: incident logs, police reports, screenshots, or witness letters. Organize them chronologically to show an ongoing risk. If there were no new incidents but you still fear retaliation, describe why—such as relocation challenges, shared social circles, or the respondent’s recent release from custody. The judge’s goal is to evaluate whether circumstances still justify an order, not to penalize either party.

File the renewal petition with the clerk, pay any required fee (often minimal), and ask the clerk to schedule a short hearing. The respondent must be served again, typically by the sheriff, giving them an opportunity to appear and object. Attend the hearing just as you did the original one: calm, organized, and factual. Explain concisely why the protection remains important: “The respondent violated the order twice last year and continues to monitor my social media. I still feel unsafe.”

Judges generally grant renewals when petitioners demonstrate a continuing threat or reasonable apprehension. If granted, the new order replaces the old one immediately. Obtain certified copies and redistribute them to law enforcement, employers, and schools. If denied, ask the court to explain the reasons—sometimes it’s a procedural issue like expired service or incomplete evidence, both of which you can correct by refiling promptly.

Remember, renewal doesn’t signal weakness; it signals prudence. Many victims require multiple renewal cycles before feeling genuinely safe. Each extension reinforces a record of ongoing concern that courts and police take seriously. Step 8 secures uninterrupted protection and ensures that your legal safety net stays active as long as needed.

Step 9: Coordinate with Support Services and Safety Planning

Legal protection is only one part of personal safety. Step 9 emphasizes connecting with North Dakota’s network of advocacy and victim-assistance services to build a holistic safety plan around your Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order. Courts provide the legal framework; community organizations provide the ongoing support and empowerment needed to sustain security.

Begin by contacting local victim-assistance programs through the North Dakota Victim Services Division or your county’s sheriff’s office. Advocates can accompany you to hearings, help you complete renewal forms, and coordinate with law enforcement to monitor compliance. They also help design practical safety strategies: changing routines, securing home locks, improving digital privacy, and alerting employers discreetly. Many programs offer 24-hour hotlines for crisis response.

If harassment occurs through digital or workplace channels, request help from specialized units. Some counties have cyber-crime task forces that trace online harassment, while workplaces often employ HR or legal teams who can document misconduct internally. Providing them a copy of the DCRO ensures they understand the seriousness of the situation.

For emotional well-being, counseling and support groups are vital. Chronic harassment often leaves victims with anxiety, sleep disruption, or hyper-vigilance. Licensed therapists and trauma specialists can help rebuild confidence and restore normalcy. North Dakota’s 2-1-1 hotline connects callers to local counseling, housing, and legal resources. These services are confidential and often free.

If you have children or family affected by the harassment, include them in your safety planning. Coordinate pickup routines, teach them what to do if the respondent appears, and provide school administrators with a copy of the order. A clear plan minimizes panic and confusion during emergencies.

Safety planning also includes digital hygiene. Update passwords, enable two-factor authentication, and limit personal details on social media. Document any impersonation attempts or fake accounts. Victim-advocacy groups often help scrub or report harmful content online.

By integrating legal, emotional, and practical tools, Step 9 transforms your DCRO from a piece of paper into a living system of safety. You regain control, backed by both the law and a community prepared to stand beside you.

Step 10: Close the Case and Maintain Long-Term Records

When your case concludes—whether through expiration, renewal, or permanent order—it’s essential to close it properly. Step 10 focuses on record-keeping and future protection. Begin by requesting certified copies of all relevant documents from the clerk: the petition, hearing transcripts, the signed DCRO, any modification or renewal orders, and proof of service. Store them securely in a labeled binder and scan them into encrypted digital storage. These records may be necessary years later if the respondent reemerges or if employers or law enforcement request verification.

Ask the clerk to confirm that the court and law enforcement databases reflect the final status of your order—expired, renewed, or terminated. Mismatched records can cause enforcement errors. If your order was satisfied and you no longer need it, ensure that all involved agencies mark it as “closed” to prevent confusion during background checks or traffic stops.

If you have experienced no violations for a long period and feel safe, take time to reflect and rebuild normal life routines. Keep your records, but avoid unnecessary fear. Many petitioners find it empowering to transition from reactive protection to preventive awareness—maintaining healthy boundaries, trusting intuition, and teaching others about legal remedies for harassment. Sharing your experience responsibly can help others understand that DCROs work when used correctly and consistently.

Finally, monitor your personal information online periodically. Harassers sometimes attempt renewed contact after years. By retaining your documentation and understanding how to refile quickly, you remain protected. If you ever need to reopen or refile, the prior case record demonstrates history and credibility, allowing courts to act swiftly.

Closing your case does not mean forgetting what happened—it means reclaiming control. A properly documented and archived DCRO process ensures that your rights, safety, and peace of mind continue long after the courtroom closes. Step 10 completes the journey from victimization to empowerment, showing that legal protection, diligence, and resilience together create lasting security.

Associated Costs

Filing for a Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order (DCRO) in North Dakota involves minimal cost to ensure accessibility for all individuals seeking protection. Typically, there is no filing fee for petitions involving personal safety concerns. District courts waive or absorb fees for DCROs because they are considered emergency civil protections. Petitioners should not let financial limitations prevent them from seeking help — North Dakota’s judicial system is designed to make restraining orders universally available, regardless of income.

If the court later finds the petition frivolous or filed in bad faith, it may assess costs to the petitioner. However, such outcomes are rare and apply only when a petitioner knowingly files false or malicious claims. Conversely, if the respondent challenges the order and loses, they may be ordered to pay court costs, including service or witness fees.

Additional costs may arise for certified copies of the order or sheriff service if the respondent lives outside the county. Sheriff’s offices typically charge $25–$40 per out-of-county service. Certified copies, which are often required for employers or schools, usually cost $2–$5 each. Photocopying exhibits, printing digital evidence, or notarizing affidavits might add minor expenses, but these are optional and modest.

If the petitioner chooses to be represented by counsel, attorney fees are personal expenses. However, most petitioners proceed pro se (self-represented) since the forms are designed for laypersons. Victim advocacy programs and legal-aid offices often help with preparation at no cost. Some counties, such as Cass and Burleigh, maintain courthouse-based advocates who assist with paperwork, filing logistics, and communication with law enforcement.

In summary, the DCRO process is financially accessible. The state’s public-policy priority is safety, not revenue. Filing fees are waived, and only optional expenses like certified copies or professional representation may apply. Petitioners can confidently pursue protection without worrying about cost barriers.

Time Required

A Disorderly Conduct Restraining Order case in North Dakota typically proceeds quickly, reflecting its purpose as an emergency remedy. The process can take anywhere from one day to several weeks, depending on urgency, service timing, and scheduling. If immediate danger exists, the judge may issue a temporary (ex parte) order on the same day the petition is filed. That temporary order remains active until the scheduled hearing, usually held within 14 to 30 days.

If no immediate risk exists, the court will schedule a regular hearing after the respondent has been served. The total timeline from filing to final decision generally spans three to five weeks. The major variable is service—delays occur if the sheriff cannot locate the respondent or if mail service is refused. Petitioners can expedite service by providing accurate addresses, work schedules, or vehicle descriptions.

After the hearing, the judge may issue the final order immediately or within a few business days. Once signed, enforcement begins at once; law enforcement agencies update their databases within 24 hours. The order typically lasts up to two years but can be renewed or made permanent in extreme cases of ongoing harassment.

Appeals or motions to modify can add several weeks, depending on the district’s calendar. However, most DCROs resolve fully within one to two months. This efficiency distinguishes DCROs from civil lawsuits or criminal prosecutions, which often take far longer. The timeline underscores the system’s commitment to providing fast, decisive relief to those experiencing harassment or fear.

Limitations

• Scope of Protection: A DCRO addresses harassment and intimidation but does not cover domestic relationships. If the respondent is a spouse, ex-partner, or household member, a Domestic Violence Protection Order applies instead.
• No Financial Compensation: DCROs do not award damages, fees, or restitution. They are strictly preventive, not compensatory.
• Proof Burden: Petitioners must provide credible evidence of intent and repeated conduct. Vague fears or single, isolated incidents generally do not meet the statutory threshold.
• Limited Enforcement Duration: Orders last a maximum of two years unless renewed. Petitioners must proactively file for renewal before expiration to maintain coverage.
• Jurisdictional Boundaries: North Dakota courts can only issue orders against respondents residing in or having conducted the disorderly acts within the state. Out-of-state respondents require different jurisdictional remedies.
• Not a Criminal Conviction: A DCRO is a civil order. It restricts behavior but does not result in a criminal record unless violated.

Authoritative Links

• North Dakota Courts — Protection and Restraining Orders
• North Dakota Century Code §12.1-31.2 — Disorderly Conduct Restraining Orders
• North Dakota Victim Services Division
• North Dakota Court System — Official DCRO Forms
• North Dakota Attorney General — Victim Assistance and Resources