Risks or challenges in sexual assault protective orders Alaska

Recently updated on October 8th, 2025 at 09:56 pm

Overview

Sexual Assault Protective Orders (SAPOs) in Alaska, authorized under AS 18.65.850–.870, are crucial legal remedies for survivors of stalking and sexual assault. While they provide immediate relief and enforceable boundaries, there are risks and challenges in obtaining, enforcing, and maintaining them. These risks involve legal hurdles, evidentiary burdens, procedural delays, and practical enforcement issues. Understanding them is essential for both petitioners (victims) and their advocates so they can better prepare and safeguard themselves beyond the order itself.

Who benefits / Who can apply

The public most in need of this information includes survivors of sexual assault, stalking victims, parents of minor victims, legal advocates, law enforcement officers, and attorneys assisting survivors. A petitioner can apply if they reasonably believe they are a victim of sexual assault or stalking. Parents or guardians can file on behalf of minors. Unlike domestic violence protective orders, the SAPO does not require a specific relationship with the offender, making it accessible for victims assaulted by strangers, acquaintances, or non-household members.

Benefits of a Sexual Assault Protective Order

• Immediate legal protection from contact, threats, and physical presence of the respondent.
• Orders can require respondents to stay away from a victim’s home, school, or workplace.
• Can be granted on an ex parte (emergency) basis for fast protection.
• Provides law enforcement with clear authority to arrest violators.
• No filing fee for requesting relief under AS 18.65.850–.870.

Detailed Process Steps (10 steps with numbering)

Step 1: Confirm eligibility

The first and most important step in obtaining a Sexual Assault Protective Order (SAPO) in Alaska is confirming that your situation qualifies under Alaska Statutes AS 18.65.850 through AS 18.65.870. This step sets the foundation for everything that follows. The Alaska Court System uses specific statutory definitions to determine eligibility, and understanding these definitions ensures you are filing under the correct legal category. Filing for the wrong type of protective order—such as confusing a SAPO with a Domestic Violence Protective Order (DVPO)—can cause delays or even dismissal of your petition. Eligibility also determines which forms you must use and which court will hear your case.

To qualify for a SAPO, you must be a victim of either sexual assault or stalking by a person who is not a member of your household. The distinction between sexual assault and stalking is critical. Under Alaska law, sexual assault involves nonconsensual sexual contact or penetration, regardless of whether the offender is charged criminally. Stalking involves a repeated pattern of behavior—such as following, monitoring, or contacting—that places you in fear for your safety. The SAPO is specifically designed for victims who do not fall under the domestic violence category, meaning the respondent is not a spouse, former spouse, current or former cohabitant, dating partner, or relative. If such a domestic relationship exists, the correct remedy is a Domestic Violence Protective Order (DVPO) instead.

If you are unsure whether your case fits the SAPO criteria, you can consult the Alaska Court System’s self-help resources or contact an advocate through a local shelter or legal aid program. Court clerks cannot give legal advice, but they can provide procedural guidance and direct you to the correct set of forms. Legal advocates, such as those affiliated with the Alaska Network on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault, are trained to help survivors distinguish between the types of orders and understand what evidence or information the court will need. This early guidance helps you avoid procedural missteps and ensures that your petition reaches the correct judicial officer.

Another key eligibility factor is timing. The law does not require that the assault or stalking occurred recently, but the court must see an ongoing need for protection. For example, if an assault happened several years ago but the respondent has recently attempted to contact or approach you, that ongoing conduct may still qualify. However, if there has been no contact or threat in a long time and no ongoing fear, the court may decide that a protective order is no longer necessary. It is therefore important to demonstrate both past harm and current risk. Petitioners often do this by describing recent incidents, such as unwanted messages, surveillance, or encounters.

Minors and incapacitated adults also qualify for protection, but they must have a parent, guardian, or legal representative file on their behalf. For minors, the parent or guardian completes the petition and explains their relationship to the child. Courts treat these cases with particular sensitivity, often scheduling expedited hearings and sealing records to protect privacy. If you are a parent filing for your child, you should clearly identify yourself as the petitioner on their behalf and attach any relevant evidence, such as school reports, medical evaluations, or police records. For incapacitated adults, a conservator, power of attorney holder, or other legal representative may initiate the process.

A crucial aspect of eligibility is understanding that a SAPO is a civil order, not a criminal proceeding. The court will not determine guilt or innocence but will decide whether there is enough evidence to justify protection. This means you do not need to have filed a police report or criminal complaint before seeking a SAPO. However, if a criminal investigation or prosecution is ongoing, you may still pursue a SAPO independently. The civil standard of proof is lower—a preponderance of the evidence—meaning it is more likely than not that the conduct occurred. This distinction empowers survivors to seek protection even if criminal charges are pending or never filed.

If you reside in rural Alaska or a village without a local courthouse, you can still qualify by filing through a local magistrate or tribal court clerk, who can transmit the petition to the appropriate district or superior court. Rural residents should also verify whether the respondent resides in the same community and whether service can be safely arranged. Eligibility in these contexts depends on whether the court has jurisdiction over both parties and whether law enforcement or court-approved servers can deliver the documents.

Finally, confirm that your facts align with what the statute covers. The court will deny petitions that do not describe qualifying conduct. Simply feeling uncomfortable around someone or having general fear without specific acts of harassment or assault may not meet the legal threshold. Review the instructions in CIV-751 carefully. They include examples of conduct that qualifies, such as unwanted physical contact, sexual advances, threatening messages, or following and monitoring behavior. Provide clear, factual details in your petition—dates, locations, and specific acts—so the judge can determine eligibility immediately without needing continuances or additional hearings.

By completing this eligibility confirmation step thoroughly, you ensure that your petition proceeds efficiently through the legal process. A well-prepared petitioner who understands the legal framework avoids unnecessary delays and increases the likelihood of receiving immediate protection. It also shows the court that you are credible, organized, and aware of the boundaries of the statute. Confirming eligibility is therefore not merely a formality—it is the essential first step toward securing lasting safety and effective judicial relief under Alaska’s Sexual Assault Protective Order system.

Step 2: Obtain petition forms

After confirming that your situation qualifies under Alaska’s Sexual Assault Protective Order statutes, the next major step is to obtain and review the proper petition forms. In Alaska, forms are standardized statewide and must be completed accurately to ensure the court can process your request without delay. The primary form for this process is the CIV-750 Petition for Sexual Assault Protective Order, accompanied by the CIV-751 Instructions. Both are available for free from the Alaska Court System’s official website, local courthouses, and some police departments or advocacy centers. Understanding these forms and their structure before you begin filling them out can make a significant difference in the efficiency and success of your filing.

You can access the forms online through the Alaska Court System’s Forms Index at public.courts.alaska.gov/web/forms/index.htm. Once there, look for the section labeled “Protective Orders for Stalking or Sexual Assault.” Download the CIV-750 and CIV-751 documents. The CIV-751 packet explains what information is required and gives examples of appropriate entries. These forms are fillable PDFs, allowing you to type responses directly on your computer before printing and signing them. If you do not have internet access or a printer, you can obtain the forms in person from any district or superior court clerk’s office, which are located in most Alaska communities. In more remote areas, village public safety officers or tribal offices may also have copies or can help you connect with a regional courthouse.

It is essential to read through both the petition and the instructions completely before writing anything. The forms require specific information that must be presented clearly and completely to meet the court’s procedural standards. The CIV-750 asks for identifying details about you (the petitioner) and the respondent, descriptions of the incidents that occurred, the type of relief you are requesting, and any supporting information. The CIV-751 instructions guide you through each question and provide examples of the kinds of details the court expects. Petitioners often rush this stage, but carefully reviewing each section ensures your filing will be processed correctly the first time without clerical rejection or requests for additional information.

When reviewing the petition form, take note of several key sections. The section describing the incidents should be factual, chronological, and specific. For example, instead of saying “The respondent harassed me,” describe the conduct: “On March 10th, the respondent followed me home from work and waited outside my apartment.” The form gives space for multiple incidents; use continuation sheets if necessary. You are allowed to attach additional pages if the space on the form is not sufficient. Label them clearly and write “Attachment to CIV-750, paragraph X” so the court can match your narrative with the form structure. Supporting documents like police reports, screenshots, or photographs should be mentioned in your narrative and attached at the end of your packet.

The relief section of the petition asks what you want the court to order. Common requests include no contact, stay-away zones around your residence, school, or workplace, and prohibitions on harassment or stalking. You can also ask for protection for specific household members if they are affected by the respondent’s actions. Review this section carefully and check only those boxes that apply. Overly broad requests can cause delays or require the judge to narrow the scope of the order, while overly narrow requests might not fully address your safety needs. The CIV-751 instructions include examples of common terms granted by judges in Alaska, helping you understand what types of relief are typically available.

Be sure to complete the confidential information sheet if one is provided. This document is used by law enforcement and the court but is not part of the public record. It usually contains addresses, contact information, and identifying details that the court must have to serve the respondent and enforce the order. If you have safety concerns about disclosing your current address, you can request that it be kept confidential and use a safe mailing address through a P.O. box or a legal advocate’s office. Alaska’s Address Confidentiality Program can assist survivors who are relocating or need to keep their location secret from an offender.

When you pick up or download the packet, also ask about local assistance options. Many courthouses in Alaska have on-site self-help centers or partnerships with advocacy groups that assist with form completion. Advocates can explain the difference between factual statements and legal conclusions and help you phrase incidents in a way that meets the court’s requirements without embellishment. If you have difficulty writing or reading, you can request help filling out the form. However, you must sign it yourself, confirming that the contents are true and accurate to the best of your knowledge.

After reviewing the forms and instructions, make at least two extra blank copies for your records and for drafting. Write your first draft separately, then review it for clarity and factual accuracy before transferring it neatly onto the official petition. This prevents errors and cross-outs, which can confuse clerks and delay processing. If you make changes, initial them clearly. When finished, sign and date the form at the bottom where indicated. Do not sign any affidavit or sworn statement sections until you are in front of a notary or clerk if notarization is required. Many courts allow unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury, so check your specific form for what is required.

Finally, ensure all attachments are labeled, and your packet is complete. Place the CIV-750 petition on top, followed by the confidential information sheet, attachments, and the CIV-751 instruction sheet (if submitting it for the judge’s reference). Staple or clip the documents securely. Before filing, review the entire packet once more to ensure every section is complete, legible, and consistent. Incomplete or contradictory information is one of the most common causes of processing delays. By carefully following this step, you will have a complete, well-organized petition ready for filing and immediate review by the clerk or judge, setting a strong foundation for your SAPO case.

Step 3: Fill out the petition

Once you have obtained the official Alaska Court System forms (CIV-750 and CIV-751), the next critical step is completing the petition accurately and thoroughly. The way you fill out the petition directly affects how efficiently the court processes your request and how well the judge understands your circumstances. This step is about presenting a complete, factual, and organized picture of what happened, why you need protection, and what specific safety terms you are requesting. Judges rely heavily on what you write here, particularly when deciding whether to issue a short-term ex parte order without hearing from the respondent.

Begin by carefully reviewing the instructions on the first page of the petition. Ensure that you clearly print or type your full legal name and that of the respondent. If you are filing on behalf of a minor or an incapacitated adult, write your name as the petitioner and specify your relationship to that person (for example, parent, guardian, or representative). The respondent’s full name, physical description, and contact information are required so that law enforcement can serve the papers. If you do not know the respondent’s exact address, include as much detail as possible—such as their workplace, usual hangouts, or vehicle description—to help officers locate them.

Next, describe the incidents that led you to seek protection. This section is the heart of your petition. Be specific, factual, and chronological. Avoid emotional or generalized statements like “he scared me” or “she was threatening.” Instead, provide detailed descriptions of what occurred: “On May 3rd, the respondent followed me to my car after my evening class, waited in the parking lot for twenty minutes, and yelled sexual comments.” Each incident should include a date, location, and clear action by the respondent. If you cannot remember an exact date, approximate it as closely as possible and state that it is an estimate. Judges understand that trauma can affect memory but still require a coherent timeline.

If you experienced more than one incident, list each separately, starting with the most recent. This structure helps demonstrate that the behavior is ongoing or repeated, which is essential for stalking-based protective orders. Include any police involvement or medical visits related to each incident. For example, if officers were called, list the department name, report number (if known), and outcome. This helps the court verify your statements and indicates that other authorities have already documented the situation. Attaching copies of reports, medical records, or photographs is strongly recommended, but always reference them within the petition by stating, “See attached Exhibit A: police report from Anchorage PD dated June 2.”

Use the space on the form fully, but write neatly and legibly. If you need more room, attach additional pages and label them clearly (for instance, “Attachment to Page 3, Paragraph 6”). Avoid overcrowding the form or using arrows to redirect the reader; judges and clerks prefer clear, linear documents. You may also number your paragraphs to make it easier to discuss specific incidents during the hearing. If English is not your first language, you can ask the clerk about translation assistance or interpreters for the hearing, but you must still complete the form in English or have it translated before filing.

In the section asking for relief, check only the boxes that apply to your situation. Common options include orders that prohibit the respondent from contacting you, staying within a certain distance of your home or workplace, or coming near your school or that of your children. You can also ask that the respondent not contact you indirectly through third parties, social media, or electronic communication. The petition allows for custom requests under “Other,” where you can describe additional measures, such as restricting the respondent from entering specific community areas or attending events where you must be present. However, limit requests to those necessary for safety—overly broad or punitive terms can complicate enforcement and may be rejected by the court.

Be mindful that what you write becomes part of the public record, except for confidential sections or attachments marked as sealed. Sensitive details, such as addresses or private health information, should be included only on the confidential information sheet unless directly relevant to the incidents. For example, if the assault occurred in your home, you can refer to it as “my residence” rather than listing the exact address. The court will still have access to your address through the confidential form, but it will not appear on the public docket.

When writing your narrative, remain factual and use plain language. Avoid legal terms or exaggerations. Judges read many petitions each day, and clear, direct statements are more persuasive than emotional ones. A helpful strategy is to imagine you are explaining the situation to someone who knows nothing about it. Stick to observable facts—what was said, what was done, and how you responded. If witnesses were present, list their names and contact information, even if you are not sure they will testify. The court may contact them or use their accounts to verify your version of events.

If you are unsure how to describe a complex incident or ongoing harassment, review the examples provided in the CIV-751 instructions. They include sample descriptions that balance clarity and specificity. For example, rather than writing “He keeps messaging me,” a more effective entry is “Between August 5 and August 10, the respondent sent over 30 text messages from different phone numbers despite my requests to stop.” This level of detail demonstrates persistence and disregard for boundaries, both key elements the court evaluates when granting protective relief.

Finally, before submitting the petition, review it for completeness and consistency. Make sure that the names, dates, and descriptions match across all sections and attachments. Sign and date the form at the end. If notarization is required, do not sign until you are in front of a clerk or notary. Keep a copy of everything for your records. Once completed, the petition should present a coherent, detailed, and factual account of what has happened and why ongoing protection is needed. Completing this step with care and precision increases your chances of a smooth court review and strengthens your credibility before the judge, laying the groundwork for effective protective relief under Alaska law.

Step 4: File the petition

Filing your Sexual Assault Protective Order petition is the stage that transitions your case from preparation to official court action. Once you have confirmed eligibility and completed the CIV-750 petition and its attachments, the next step is submitting it to the proper court. This process formally places your request before a judge, triggers scheduling for review and hearing, and sets in motion the service process that notifies the respondent. Accuracy and organization at this stage are vital because any incomplete, missing, or inconsistent information can cause delays or lead the clerk to return the petition for correction.

The correct place to file your petition depends on where you live, where the respondent lives, or where the alleged sexual assault or stalking took place. Alaska law allows you to file in either the district or superior court, depending on which one serves your area. In most locations, the district court handles protective orders, but superior courts also accept them, especially when the district court is unavailable or your case involves related matters such as family law or custody. If you are uncertain which court has jurisdiction, contact the clerk’s office or a legal advocate before filing. The Alaska Court System website lists every court location, with contact numbers and mailing addresses.

There is no filing fee for a Sexual Assault Protective Order under Alaska Statute 18.65.850 through 18.65.870. This means you will not have to pay to initiate your petition, regardless of whether you seek temporary (ex parte) or long-term relief. However, there may be minor incidental costs such as printing, photocopying, or notarization if needed. Bring a government-issued photo ID when you visit the courthouse. You will need it to verify your identity when signing any sworn declarations or if a notary is required to confirm your signature on the petition.

When you arrive at the courthouse, go directly to the clerk’s window and state that you are filing a petition for a Sexual Assault Protective Order. If the courthouse has a self-help or protective order intake window, you may be directed there instead. The clerk will review your paperwork to ensure that all required sections are complete. They cannot provide legal advice, but they can point out missing information or incorrect form usage. If something needs correction, you may be allowed to make small edits on the spot. Always bring a pen, any supporting exhibits, and at least two extra copies of your entire packet. The clerk will keep the original, and you will retain a stamped copy for your records.

Once accepted, the clerk assigns your case a docket or case number. Write this number on the top of all future filings and attachments, as it links all documents to your case. The clerk then forwards your petition to a judge for review. If you are requesting immediate, same-day protection (known as ex parte relief), the clerk will notify the judge promptly, and you may be asked to wait for an initial determination. Many Alaska courts have on-call judges or magistrates who review protective order petitions throughout the day. If the judge needs clarification or wants to speak with you briefly, you might be brought into a courtroom or a secure office to answer questions under oath.

If the judge grants an ex parte order, it takes effect immediately once signed and entered into the court’s system. You will receive certified copies before leaving the courthouse. It is crucial to read the temporary order carefully and understand its terms, including what the respondent is prohibited from doing and the date of the next hearing for a long-term order. Carry one certified copy with you at all times, and provide copies to law enforcement, your workplace, or your school if needed. If the judge does not grant a temporary order but still sets a hearing, do not be discouraged. You will still have an opportunity to present your evidence and request full protection at that hearing.

If you are filing remotely, such as by mail or fax (which may be necessary in rural Alaska), confirm with the clerk in advance that the court accepts filings that way. Some smaller courts allow petitions to be filed through a local magistrate or tribal office, which then transmits them electronically to the district or superior court. Always include your phone number, mailing address, and an email address if possible so the clerk can contact you quickly about any issues or updates. After your filing is processed, ask the clerk for your case number and a copy of the docket entry so you can track future court actions.

It is also helpful to ask the clerk how service will be handled. In most cases, law enforcement will serve the respondent at no cost, but the clerk may need accurate information for the respondent’s address, place of work, or frequent locations. The filing process often includes a “service information sheet,” which you must complete thoroughly. This document helps law enforcement identify and locate the respondent safely. The better your information, the faster the respondent can be served, allowing your hearing to proceed without delay.

After filing, the clerk will give you important information about the next steps, including when to expect the hearing notice and what to do if you move or change contact details before then. Update the court immediately if your address or phone number changes, as the court must have a reliable way to reach you about hearing times and judge decisions. Failure to appear because of missed notices can result in dismissal of your petition, even if your claim is valid.

Before leaving the courthouse, verify that your petition was officially filed, not just received for review. You should see a court stamp or electronic filing confirmation with the date and the initials of the clerk. Keep that copy secure. It is your proof that your request has entered the judicial system and that law enforcement will soon be notified. Filing transforms your private documentation into an official legal action, granting you the rights and protections afforded by Alaska’s courts. Completing this step correctly ensures your petition is valid, enforceable, and positioned for timely judicial review.

Step 5: Request ex parte relief (optional)

Requesting an ex parte order is an optional but often critical step for victims who face immediate danger or ongoing harassment. In Alaska, ex parte relief means that a judge can issue a temporary protective order without first notifying the respondent or holding a full hearing. This order takes effect immediately once signed and can last until the date of the long-term hearing, usually within ten to twenty days. Ex parte orders are designed to provide fast, temporary protection when time is of the essence, allowing survivors to stabilize their safety situation before the regular hearing process. Understanding how to prepare and present your ex parte request effectively ensures that the court has enough factual information to make a swift and favorable decision.

When you file your Sexual Assault Protective Order petition, you can check a box or indicate that you are requesting an ex parte order. The court will typically review your request the same day or within twenty-four hours of filing. You will either meet briefly with a judge, magistrate, or judicial officer or submit your written statement under penalty of perjury explaining why immediate protection is needed. The Alaska Court System takes these requests seriously but must also ensure due process. Therefore, the judge must find that your evidence shows a reasonable belief that sexual assault or stalking occurred and that the risk of further harm is imminent unless an order is issued right away.

To increase your chances of success, your written or oral statement should focus on specific and recent incidents. Provide clear details such as dates, times, and actions that demonstrate immediate danger. For instance, if the respondent has recently appeared near your home, workplace, or school, or has sent threatening messages, explain exactly what occurred and when. Avoid vague statements like “I am scared” or “he has been bothering me.” Instead, describe the conduct that caused fear, such as “Yesterday evening, the respondent parked outside my apartment for two hours and texted that he knew what time I leave for work.” This level of detail allows the judge to assess the urgency of your situation and justify issuing temporary relief.

If you have supporting documents, such as police reports, photos, text messages, or witness statements, include them with your request. Even one or two concrete pieces of evidence can make a difference, especially when they demonstrate a pattern of behavior or a credible threat. If you have previously reported incidents to law enforcement, provide the case number or officer’s name. Judges can reference those reports to verify your claims. Remember that ex parte hearings are short, so organize your materials ahead of time and highlight only the most urgent facts.

During the ex parte review, the judge may ask questions directly if you are present in person or by phone. Answer calmly and honestly, focusing on the facts rather than emotions. It is normal to feel nervous or upset, but clarity is crucial. Judges understand trauma but must base their ruling on verifiable evidence and risk indicators. If you are unsure how to respond, it is acceptable to pause and gather your thoughts. Keep your answers concise—this process typically lasts only a few minutes. If you are filing from a remote area where in-person appearances are not possible, you may participate by phone or video conference. Ask the clerk or magistrate about these options.

If the judge grants your request, the temporary order (ex parte SAPO) becomes effective immediately. The clerk will give you certified copies, which you should keep with you at all times. Carry one copy in your purse or wallet and place others at your home, work, or school. You may also provide a copy to your local police department so officers can enforce it right away if the respondent violates any of its terms. The order will specify prohibited conduct such as contacting you, coming near your home or workplace, or following you. It may also include distance restrictions (for example, staying at least 300 feet away) or limitations on indirect contact through social media or third parties.

Law enforcement must serve the respondent with notice of the temporary order and the upcoming hearing. Until service occurs, some enforcement may be limited because the respondent must be officially informed before facing legal consequences. Still, if you spot the respondent violating the order after being served, call 911 immediately and provide details of the incident and your case number. Alaska police take violations seriously, and each report creates a paper trail that supports future enforcement or extension requests.

In some cases, a judge might deny ex parte relief but still schedule a full hearing. This does not mean your claim lacks merit—it may simply mean that the court believes the risk is not immediate or that more information is needed. If this happens, remain calm and prepare for the hearing by gathering more evidence or witness support. Continue documenting any new incidents between filing and the hearing date. Each new event can strengthen your case for a long-term order.

While an ex parte order provides immediate safety, it is temporary by design. Typically, it lasts only until the scheduled hearing, at which point the court will decide whether to issue a one-year order. Be sure to read the expiration date carefully. If your hearing is postponed or delayed, ask the clerk whether the temporary order will automatically extend. Some courts may extend it until the next available date, but others require a written request. Always confirm these details so you are never left unprotected.

Finally, keep in mind that the ex parte process is confidential until service is complete, but once the respondent is served, the case becomes part of the public court record. Protect your personal safety by varying your routines and informing trusted people about your current situation. Let your employer, school security, or building manager know if a temporary order is in effect so they can help monitor compliance. This step is often the bridge between the initial filing and lasting safety. Handling it carefully, with accurate facts and calm presentation, ensures that you receive the swift protection intended by Alaska’s laws governing Sexual Assault Protective Orders.

Step 6: Service of process

Service of process is one of the most important and often misunderstood parts of obtaining a Sexual Assault Protective Order in Alaska. Filing the petition and receiving an ex parte order, if granted, are only the beginning. The law requires that the respondent (the person you are seeking protection from) be officially notified of the court action and given a copy of the petition and any temporary order before the court can hold a long-term hearing or enforce the order. This notification is known as service of process. Without it, your order may be delayed or even unenforceable, no matter how strong your case is. Ensuring that service is done correctly, documented, and verified is essential to maintaining the protection the law provides.

In Alaska, service for a Sexual Assault Protective Order is typically carried out by law enforcement, such as the local police department, Alaska State Troopers, or village public safety officers (VPSOs). This service is free of charge for protective order cases. The court clerk will forward your petition and any temporary order to the appropriate agency once your case is filed and accepted by a judge. You do not need to arrange this yourself in most areas, but you must provide accurate and detailed information to help law enforcement locate the respondent quickly. The sooner service is completed, the sooner your order becomes fully enforceable and your long-term hearing can proceed on schedule.

When you file your petition, the clerk will give you or ask you to complete a service information sheet. This form is used exclusively for law enforcement and is not part of the public record. It asks for identifying details about the respondent, including their full name, date of birth, physical description, address, place of employment, and vehicle information. The more complete this information is, the easier it will be for officers to find and serve the respondent. If you know of specific times or places where the respondent can usually be located—such as a workplace shift, school schedule, or regular hangout—include that information. Officers use these details to plan service attempts at times when they are most likely to succeed.

In some cases, particularly in rural or remote communities, service may take longer due to geography or limited staffing. If you live in a village or off-road community, the Alaska State Troopers or a local VPSO may coordinate with your regional court. They can sometimes serve the documents in person or via a cooperating tribal officer. If law enforcement cannot complete service promptly, the court may allow you to hire a private process server at your own expense. However, this is rarely necessary and should only be considered if law enforcement confirms they are unable to locate the respondent. Always check with the clerk before taking that step to avoid duplication or confusion.

Once law enforcement successfully serves the respondent, they will complete a Proof of Service form (often called a Return of Service) and file it directly with the court. You can ask the clerk for confirmation once it is received. The proof of service is your official record showing that the respondent was notified and that the court can now proceed to the long-term hearing. Without this document, the judge cannot finalize your order. It is important to check in with the clerk periodically before your hearing date to ensure the proof has been filed. If it has not, the hearing may be postponed, and your temporary order could expire before the new hearing date is set.

If you learn that the respondent has not yet been served, do not attempt to deliver the papers yourself or have a friend do it. Only authorized individuals, such as law enforcement or licensed process servers, can legally serve protective order documents. Personal service by the petitioner is not valid and can put you at risk. If the respondent contacts you after learning informally about the petition but before official service, do not engage or discuss the case. Instead, contact law enforcement immediately and inform them of the situation.

Sometimes, service may fail because the respondent has moved or is intentionally avoiding contact. If this happens, inform the clerk right away. The court may attempt service again using an updated address or may issue an alternative service method, such as service by publication or mail, if certain legal requirements are met. However, these alternative methods are used only as a last resort because they can delay enforcement. Maintaining regular communication with the clerk or a legal advocate helps ensure you stay informed about service progress.

If the respondent is served with an ex parte order, they are immediately subject to its restrictions. This means that if they violate it—even by sending a text message or appearing at a prohibited location—you can call 911 and law enforcement can arrest them. Always keep a copy of your order with you so you can show it to responding officers if needed. The court’s electronic system also updates law enforcement databases with the order’s status, but having a physical copy helps avoid confusion in the field.

After service, take note of how the respondent reacts. If there is any retaliation, new harassment, or attempts to contact you indirectly, document every incident in detail, including dates, times, and any witnesses. These details can be presented at the long-term hearing or used later if you need to extend the order. Keep a log of all interactions and any reports you file with police. This not only strengthens your case but also provides ongoing evidence if the respondent violates the terms of the temporary or final order.

Finally, confirm with the clerk or law enforcement agency that the respondent was served before your scheduled hearing. Ask for the date and time service occurred, as this determines when the respondent’s rights and restrictions officially begin. Knowing this helps you understand when full enforcement takes effect and gives you peace of mind that the legal protections are active. The successful completion of service of process marks a critical milestone in your case—it ensures the respondent is officially bound by the court’s authority and allows your long-term hearing to proceed without procedural obstacles.

Step 7: Prepare for the hearing

Preparing for the hearing on your Sexual Assault Protective Order (SAPO) is one of the most decisive stages in the process. The hearing gives you the opportunity to present your story, evidence, and witnesses directly to the judge so that a final, long-term protective order can be issued. In Alaska, the court usually schedules this hearing within about ten to twenty days of filing your petition, depending on the court’s calendar and completion of service. Being prepared—both emotionally and practically—can make the difference between a successful outcome and a delayed or denied order.

The first step in preparation is to carefully review the documents you have already filed. Read through your petition and any temporary (ex parte) order granted by the judge. Make sure you understand every statement you made, as the judge may ask you questions about specific details or incidents. If something in your petition is unclear or incomplete, prepare to clarify it in your testimony. You should also read the respondent’s response, if they filed one, so that you know what points they might dispute. Although respondents sometimes do not appear or submit any written defense, you should be prepared for the possibility that they will.

Next, organize your evidence in a way that tells your story clearly and logically. Judges appreciate when petitioners can explain their situation chronologically with supporting documentation. Create a timeline of incidents that includes dates, locations, and the specific actions or statements that made you fear for your safety. Then match each event with any supporting evidence you have—such as text messages, call logs, police reports, photographs, or witness statements. Number or label these exhibits so that you can easily refer to them during the hearing. Bring at least three copies of each: one for the judge, one for the respondent, and one for yourself.

If you have witnesses who observed the incidents, received direct communications from the respondent, or can confirm your fear for safety, ask them to attend the hearing. Witnesses can be critical, especially if they are neutral parties such as coworkers, neighbors, or law enforcement officers. Tell your witnesses the exact date, time, and location of the hearing. It’s helpful to remind them that hearings are usually formal but brief. Witnesses should focus only on what they personally saw, heard, or documented rather than offering opinions or hearsay. If someone cannot attend in person, ask the court clerk whether phone testimony or written statements are allowed. Some judges accept affidavits or sworn written statements if the witness cannot travel, especially in rural Alaska.

Another key part of preparation is to plan your statement to the judge. While you will have the chance to respond to questions, starting with a clear and concise statement helps the court understand your case right away. Begin by summarizing who the respondent is, your relationship (if any), and the incidents that caused fear or harm. Then describe why you need continued protection and what specific types of relief you are asking for—such as a no-contact order, stay-away provisions from home or workplace, and restrictions on indirect communication. Judges prefer direct, factual language. Instead of saying “he always threatens me,” give an example like “on May 3rd, he said he would come to my workplace if I did not respond to his messages.” Specific examples give the court confidence in your credibility and help justify the scope of the protection you are seeking.

You should also prepare for possible questions from the judge. Common questions include: When did the most recent incident occur? Have there been previous protective orders or police involvement? How has this behavior affected your ability to live safely? Have there been any attempts by the respondent to contact you since filing the petition? Reviewing your answers in advance will help you stay calm and focused during the hearing. If you are nervous about speaking in court, practice explaining your story to a trusted friend, advocate, or legal aid volunteer. Many Alaska advocacy programs offer courtroom preparation sessions where trained staff walk survivors through the process, explain courtroom etiquette, and answer logistical questions about what to expect.

In addition to organizing your evidence, make logistical preparations. Verify the time and location of the hearing with the clerk’s office the day before. Arrive at least thirty minutes early to allow time for security screening, parking, and finding the correct courtroom. Dress in clean, comfortable, and modest clothing that shows respect for the court. Bring your identification, copies of all your documents, and a notepad for taking notes. If you are traveling from a remote location, check weather and transportation schedules ahead of time. If you are unable to attend in person due to safety, distance, or health concerns, ask the court as soon as possible about appearing by phone or video conference. Many Alaska courts accommodate these requests for protective order cases.

If the respondent is represented by an attorney, do not be intimidated. Remember that you have the right to be heard fully and respectfully. The judge will ensure that the proceeding remains fair and focused. If the respondent’s lawyer asks you questions, answer calmly and truthfully. Do not argue or guess if you are unsure—simply say, “I don’t know” or “I don’t remember.” The court is not expecting you to have perfect recall, only honest and consistent answers. If the respondent speaks directly to you or attempts to make eye contact or gestures, look toward the judge or clerk instead of responding. Court security will be present, and you can ask to have a victim advocate or support person seated beside you for reassurance.

If an interpreter is needed for language or hearing assistance, notify the clerk in advance so arrangements can be made. The court will provide interpreters free of charge when necessary. Do not bring your own friend or family member to interpret; only certified interpreters may be used in official proceedings. If you have safety concerns about encountering the respondent before or after the hearing, speak with courthouse security or your advocate to plan safe entry and exit routes. Many courthouses have private waiting rooms or victim-safe areas where you can stay until your case is called.

The more prepared you are, the more confidently you can present your case. Remember that the judge’s goal is to determine whether you have shown by a preponderance of evidence—that it is more likely than not—that the respondent committed sexual assault or stalking and that ongoing protection is needed. Careful preparation, clear communication, and reliable documentation all contribute to meeting that standard. By the time you step into the courtroom, you should know your facts, have your evidence ready, and be emotionally grounded to tell your story truthfully and calmly. This step is your chance to turn your experiences into a record the court can act upon, and it lays the foundation for obtaining a final, enforceable order that protects your safety under Alaska law.

Step 8: Attend the hearing

Attending the hearing for your Sexual Assault Protective Order (SAPO) is the moment when the court decides whether to grant you long-term protection. This hearing is where all of your preparation comes together—the facts you presented, the evidence you organized, and the courage it takes to speak about painful experiences. In Alaska, the hearing is typically set within ten to twenty days of filing the petition, though timing may vary based on how quickly the respondent is served and court availability. Being present, calm, and ready to explain your situation clearly will help the judge evaluate your need for continued protection and decide the specific terms of the order.

When you arrive at the courthouse, check in at the clerk’s office or the courtroom where your case is scheduled. Bring your identification, copies of your petition, any temporary orders, and all evidence you plan to present. If you have witnesses, make sure they are also present and waiting nearby. Many courts allow petitioners to wait in a separate area from the respondent to minimize contact before the hearing begins. If you feel unsafe or anxious about seeing the respondent, inform the court clerk or a victim advocate. They can coordinate with security to escort you safely or ensure that you are seated on opposite sides of the courtroom. In some courts, protective order cases are called in groups, while others are handled one by one, so be prepared to wait until your name is called.

Once the hearing begins, the judge will first explain the purpose of the proceeding. Both sides will be given an opportunity to speak. Because this is a civil matter, there is no prosecutor or defense attorney unless either party has chosen to bring one. Most petitioners represent themselves, and many respondents do the same. The judge may ask each side to take an oath to tell the truth. You will then have the chance to tell your story—this is called testimony. The judge will expect you to describe what happened, when it happened, and why you fear for your safety. Speak slowly and clearly, and direct your answers to the judge rather than to the respondent. If you become emotional, take a deep breath or a short pause. Judges understand that these hearings can be distressing.

When presenting evidence, show the judge the documents, photos, or messages that support your claims. Hand the evidence to the clerk or bailiff when asked, and they will provide copies to the judge and the respondent. Use your timeline or notes to stay organized. For example, you might say, “This is a text message the respondent sent on May 3rd, in which he threatened to find me at my workplace.” Keep your explanations factual and avoid unnecessary repetition. The judge may ask clarifying questions such as, “What time did this happen?” or “Did anyone else witness this event?” Answer truthfully and only about what you personally experienced or observed. If you don’t know an answer, it is perfectly acceptable to say so.

After you testify, the respondent will be given an opportunity to speak or present evidence. This can be difficult to hear, especially if the respondent denies the events or accuses you of lying. Remember that the judge is experienced in assessing credibility and evidence. Do not interrupt or react emotionally while the respondent is speaking. You will have the chance to respond if the judge invites clarification or rebuttal. If the respondent has an attorney, they may ask you questions as part of cross-examination. Stay calm and answer honestly. If you do not understand a question, ask the judge to have it repeated or explained. Judges will protect you from improper or harassing questions.

If you have witnesses, they will be called one by one. Each witness will testify about what they directly observed or know about the case. For instance, a friend might testify that they saw the respondent follow you to work, or a coworker might confirm that you appeared frightened after receiving a message. Witnesses should avoid speculation or opinions. The judge may also ask them questions directly. After each witness finishes, the respondent (or their attorney) may ask them brief questions. As the petitioner, you should remain silent while your witnesses are speaking unless the judge asks for clarification.

Once both sides have finished presenting evidence, the judge may make a decision immediately or take a short recess to review the materials. In some courts, the ruling is given on the spot; in others, the judge may issue a written decision later that day or within a few days. The judge will determine whether the respondent committed sexual assault or stalking and whether a long-term protective order is necessary to prevent further harm. If the judge grants the order, it typically lasts for one year and includes specific conditions such as no contact, stay-away zones, and restrictions on communication. The terms are tailored to your situation and may include places like your home, workplace, school, or child’s daycare.

If the order is granted, the judge will explain its scope and duration in court, and the clerk will prepare certified copies for you. Ask the clerk how to get extra copies for your records and for law enforcement. If the order is denied, the judge will explain the reasons and what options you have next. A denial does not necessarily mean your fear is unfounded—it may mean the evidence did not meet the legal standard of proof. You can reapply if new incidents occur or new evidence becomes available. Always keep documentation of any new contact or violations.

After the hearing, take a few moments to collect yourself and review your next steps. If a long-term order was issued, carry a certified copy at all times and provide copies to your local police department, employer, or school security office. Ask the clerk how to report violations and how to request an extension before the order expires. If the respondent violates the order in any way—such as by calling, texting, or approaching you—report it immediately to law enforcement. These reports not only ensure your safety but also create a record that can be used in future court proceedings.

Finally, acknowledge the emotional difficulty of this step. Speaking in court about sexual assault or stalking can be painful and triggering. It helps to have a trusted friend, family member, or advocate accompany you. After the hearing, give yourself time to decompress. Reach out to local support resources, such as the Alaska Network on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault, which can provide counseling and follow-up assistance. Attending the hearing takes strength, and completing this step brings you closer to establishing lasting protection under Alaska law.

Step 9: Enforcement of the order

Once a Sexual Assault Protective Order (SAPO) is granted, the next crucial step is ensuring it is properly enforced. A protective order is only as effective as its recognition and execution by law enforcement and the petitioner’s own vigilance. Enforcement involves several layers: understanding the terms of the order, distributing certified copies to relevant agencies and institutions, monitoring compliance, reporting violations, and maintaining ongoing communication with law enforcement. The Alaska courts and police take enforcement seriously, but successful protection also depends on the petitioner taking proactive measures.

After the judge issues the long-term order, obtain certified copies from the clerk’s office before leaving the courthouse. Ask for at least three certified copies: one for your records, one for local law enforcement, and one for your workplace or school if those locations are covered by the order. Keep your personal copy with you at all times. If you travel between communities or jurisdictions, carry a copy in your vehicle or phone case. Alaska’s statewide law enforcement database will also record the order, but having a paper copy readily available can speed up verification in emergencies. If you relocate out of state, your SAPO can be enforced in the new jurisdiction under the federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Full Faith and Credit clause, provided you supply a certified copy to local authorities.

To ensure proper enforcement, make sure you fully understand the terms of your order. Each SAPO is tailored to the facts of the case, so conditions can vary. Some orders include no-contact provisions that prohibit all forms of communication—phone calls, text messages, emails, social media messages, and even contact through third parties. Others include stay-away requirements that specify distances or locations the respondent must avoid, such as your residence, workplace, school, or a child’s daycare center. The order may also restrict the respondent from possessing firearms, depending on the circumstances. Review these provisions carefully, and if anything is unclear, ask the clerk or a victim advocate to explain. Knowing precisely what the order says helps you recognize when it has been violated.

After obtaining your copies, deliver one to your local police department or Alaska State Troopers post, depending on where you live. If you live in a rural or tribal community, also notify your village public safety officer (VPSO) or tribal police. Provide them with your updated contact information so they can reach you quickly if needed. If your order covers your workplace, school, or child’s school, provide a copy to the human resources office, campus security, or principal. Explain that the order is court-issued and that law enforcement should be called immediately if the respondent appears or contacts you. These institutions are often willing to help enforce safety boundaries if they have official documentation.

Monitoring compliance is an ongoing responsibility. Keep a detailed log of any incidents that may indicate violations. Record the date, time, location, and nature of the contact, as well as any witnesses. Save evidence such as text messages, voicemails, emails, or social media posts. Even indirect contact—such as sending messages through friends or posting online comments aimed at you—can count as a violation if the order prohibits indirect communication. If you believe the respondent has followed or attempted to approach you, document the details immediately. This documentation will be invaluable if you need to report violations or seek an extension of the order.

If a violation occurs, contact law enforcement right away by calling 911. Be calm and direct when explaining the situation: tell the dispatcher that you have a valid Sexual Assault Protective Order and that the respondent is violating it. When officers arrive, show them your certified copy of the order. Provide any supporting evidence or witness information you have. In Alaska, violation of a protective order is a criminal offense under AS 18.66.130. Police officers can arrest the respondent without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe the order has been violated. This swift response is one of the key strengths of the SAPO system, as it transforms civil court orders into enforceable criminal protections.

After you report a violation, ask the responding officer for the incident number and keep it in your log. This helps create a documented pattern if violations continue. If possible, obtain copies of police reports for your records. Notify the court clerk or your advocate if multiple violations occur; repeated noncompliance can strengthen your case for future extensions or additional criminal charges. Some survivors choose to keep a small folder or digital file containing all documentation related to their SAPO, including service proof, hearing notes, and violation logs. This organized approach helps maintain continuity, especially if your case spans multiple agencies or jurisdictions.

Enforcement also includes keeping law enforcement informed about changes in your circumstances. If you move, change your phone number, or modify your work schedule, update the local police or troopers so they can adjust patrol awareness and contact procedures. Likewise, if you learn that the respondent has moved or obtained new employment, share that information with law enforcement to assist in monitoring compliance. Staying in touch with your local advocacy center can also be beneficial—they often maintain relationships with law enforcement and can facilitate communication if you are uncomfortable doing so directly.

In some cases, the respondent may attempt to challenge or minimize the order by claiming misunderstanding or accidental contact. If this happens, do not engage with them or attempt to negotiate informally. Let the police and the court handle it. Even minor or “accidental” contact should be reported, as it may indicate testing of boundaries or escalating behavior. The purpose of the SAPO is to prevent any contact or intimidation, so consistent enforcement is key to maintaining safety. Courts take violations seriously, especially when petitioners demonstrate diligence in reporting and documenting them.

Finally, recognize that enforcement is both a legal and emotional process. It can be stressful to remain alert for possible violations, particularly if you must see the respondent in public spaces or small communities. Support networks—advocacy programs, friends, family, and mental health counselors—play an important role during this time. Rely on them for safety planning, emotional support, and practical help in coordinating with authorities. By combining vigilance, documentation, and collaboration with law enforcement, you can ensure that your SAPO serves its intended purpose: to provide real, enforceable protection against further harm.

Step 10: Renewal or extension

A Sexual Assault Protective Order (SAPO) in Alaska typically lasts for up to one year, but if the threat or harassment continues beyond that period, the petitioner has the right to request an extension. Renewing or extending a SAPO ensures that the protections remain uninterrupted and enforceable, particularly when the respondent’s behavior or the survivor’s safety circumstances have not substantially changed. Understanding when and how to request a renewal is critical to maintaining continuous protection without any lapses that could place the petitioner at risk.

The first and most important step is to know the expiration date of your current order. The end date is printed on the face of the SAPO, usually near the top or under the section titled “Order Effective Until.” Mark this date clearly on your calendar, in your phone, or in a reminder app. To maintain continuous protection, you must file a request to extend the order within 30 days before it expires or within 60 days after expiration. Filing within this statutory window allows the court to consider continuation without requiring you to restart the entire petition process. If you miss both deadlines, you must file a completely new petition and go through the process again, including service, hearings, and evidence presentation.

To request an extension, you need to complete the official Alaska Court System form known as DV-132 (Request to Extend Long-Term Protective Order). This form is available online through the court’s forms page or in person at any courthouse. Although originally labeled for domestic violence orders, the same form and process apply to extensions of Sexual Assault Protective Orders. On the form, you will need to provide your case number, the date your current order was issued, and your reasons for seeking an extension. Be concise but specific. Explain whether the respondent has continued to contact, harass, follow, or threaten you, or if you still have a reasonable fear for your safety. Even if there have been no new incidents, you can still request an extension if the original threat remains credible or if the respondent’s location and behavior still cause concern.

When writing your explanation, include factual examples of any post-order incidents. If the respondent has violated the order, provide the dates, details, and any police report numbers. Attach copies of violation logs, text messages, social media screenshots, or emails that demonstrate ongoing risk. If you have not experienced direct contact but remain fearful because the respondent continues to live nearby or has a history of unpredictable behavior, describe those factors. The court understands that continued fear can be based on valid, ongoing circumstances even without new overt acts. The key is to show that the conditions that justified the original order have not changed sufficiently to ensure your safety without continued protection.

Once you have completed the DV-132 form, file it with the same court that issued the original SAPO. There is no filing fee for this request. The clerk will stamp your document, open a continuation record under the same case number, and set a hearing date. Just like the original process, the respondent must be served with a copy of your extension request and the notice of hearing. Law enforcement or a process server will handle the service, and you should confirm with the clerk that it has been completed before your hearing date. If service is delayed or unsuccessful, the court may reschedule the hearing to ensure that the respondent has proper notice.

At the hearing for the extension, you will have the opportunity to explain why continued protection is necessary. Bring copies of your previous order, your violation log, and any new evidence. Be prepared to testify briefly about any changes in your situation and your current level of fear or safety concerns. The judge will review your explanation and any evidence before deciding whether to extend the order. If the respondent appears, they may contest the renewal, arguing that the situation has changed or that there have been no new incidents. Stay calm and focus on facts. The court’s decision is based on whether you continue to have a reasonable fear of harm and whether extending the order is justified by the evidence presented.

If the judge grants your request, the order will be extended for another period—typically up to one additional year, though the judge has discretion to set a shorter duration if deemed appropriate. The new order will include updated effective and expiration dates but will otherwise maintain the same terms unless changes are requested and approved. Once the extension is granted, obtain certified copies immediately and distribute them to the same locations as before: law enforcement agencies, your workplace, school, and any other relevant institutions. Notify them that the order has been renewed so that they can update their records and continue enforcement.

If your request for extension is denied, ask the judge to explain the reasoning. Common reasons for denial include missed filing deadlines, lack of supporting evidence, or a finding that the risk has significantly decreased. Even in those situations, you can still file a new petition if new incidents occur or if you later develop additional evidence of ongoing threat. There is no limit on the number of times a person can seek protection, but the court must have a clear factual basis to issue or renew an order.

It is also wise to plan for future renewals by maintaining consistent documentation. Continue logging any contacts or observations related to the respondent, even if they seem minor. Keep copies of police reports, witness statements, and correspondence with law enforcement. These records strengthen future renewal requests by showing a consistent pattern of vigilance and ongoing concern. Advocates often recommend keeping this documentation in a secure but accessible location, such as a private folder, encrypted digital file, or locked drawer.

Throughout the renewal process, seek assistance from legal aid organizations or victim advocates if possible. They can help you fill out forms, prepare testimony, and navigate procedural details. The Alaska Court System’s self-help center and the Alaska Network on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault both provide guidance for survivors managing long-term protective orders.

Finally, remember that renewal is not just a bureaucratic step—it is an important safeguard for your peace of mind and continued safety. By staying attentive to expiration timelines, keeping thorough documentation, and communicating regularly with law enforcement, you preserve the full protection of your SAPO and ensure that the legal system remains a reliable ally in your recovery and safety.

Costs associated

No filing fee is required for relief under AS 18.65.850–.870. Potential costs include hiring an attorney, transportation to court, certified copies, or private process server expenses if law enforcement service is unavailable or impractical.

Time required

Ex parte orders can issue the same day or within 24–48 hours when supported by the facts. Long-term hearings are typically set within about 10 days of filing, though local calendars and service timing can extend the process. Extensions also require a new hearing and valid service.

Limitations of the SAPO

• Orders generally last up to one year unless extended.
• Enforcement depends on valid service, clear terms, and law enforcement response.
• Some protections require notice to the respondent (e.g., stay-away from respondent’s own residence or workplace).
• Gaps can occur if an ex parte order expires before the hearing, or if an extension is not sought in time.

Risks and Unexpected Problems

• Respondent retaliation after service; safety planning is essential.
• Hearing delays or failed service weaken immediate protection.
• Insufficient evidence or unclear timelines can lead to denial of a long-term order.
• Emotional stress from testimony and confrontation in contested hearings.

Authoritative Alaska sources

• Alaska Court System — Domestic Violence, Stalking, or Sexual Assault (self-help & forms): courts.alaska.gov/shc/dv/
• Alaska Court System — Forms index (CIV-750 Petition; CIV-751 Instructions; DV-132 Extension): courts.alaska.gov/forms/
• Alaska Statutes — AS 18.65.850–.870 (protective orders for stalking/sexual assault; duration and scope): akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#18.65.850
• Alaska Statutes — AS 18.66.130 (violation of protective order; criminal enforcement): akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#18.66.130
• CIV-751 — Instructions for Requesting a Protective Order Against Stalking or Sexual Assault (PDF):

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